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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 28.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2018 Sep 28;361(6409):1336–1340. doi: 10.1126/science.aat6806

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Comparison of direct fusion (A) and SunTag protein scaffold (B) based 5mC editing tools. SunTag system allows local amplification of effector (DNMT3A) concentration and independent control of dCas9 and DNMT3A expression levels to minimize off-target de novo methylation caused by un-tethered DNMT3A. Schematics were drawn on the basis of mC editing tools developed by Liu et al. (56), (A) and Pflueger et al. (56, 58) (B). NLS: nuclear localization sequences. GB1: solubility tag (protein G B1 domain). SunTag based mC editing tool (dCas9Sun-D3A) shows comparable on-target methylation at on-target promoters as the direct fusion (dCas9-D3A), but much lower off-target methylation.