. 2018 Sep 21;36:454–460. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.028

Table 2.

Prospective associations between sleep disturbance and depression 6 months later, stratified by HIV status, repeated over 12 years duration, Data are displayed as odds ratio (95% confidence intervals).

		HIV- (N = 1217)		HIV+ (N = 1054)
		12,680 person-visits		9556 person-visits
		Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c
Sleep disturbance	No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Yes	1·16 (0·94–1·44)	1·17 (0·95–1·45)	1·60 (1·30–1·96)^⁎⁎	1·63 (1·33–2·00)^⁎⁎	1·52 (1·29–1·80)^⁎⁎
Age (years)		0·97 (0·96–0·98)^⁎⁎	0·98 (0·97–0·99)^⁎	0·97 (0·96–0·98)^⁎⁎	0·98 (0·96–0·99)^⁎⁎	0·98 (0·96–0·99)^⁎
Race	White		Ref		ref	ref
	Black		2·25 (1·54–3·27)^⁎⁎		1·66 (1·20–2·29)^⁎	1·62 (1·17–2·24)^⁎
	Other		1·95 (0·97–3·92)		1·46 (0·83–2·57)	1·48 (0·84–2·61)
BMI (kg/m2)			1·00 (0·98–1·03)		1·02 (0·99–1·05)	1·02 (0·99–1·05)
Smoker	Never		Ref		ref	ref
	Former		1·42 (1·01–1·99)^⁎		1·17 (0·82–1·67)	1·17 (0·82–1·66)
	Current		2·19 (1·49–3·22)^⁎⁎		1·64 (1·13–2·36)^⁎	1·61 (1·12–2·33)^⁎
HAART	No					ref
	Yes					1·15 (0·80–1·65)
Viral load (copies/ml)	< 50					ref
Viral load (copies/ml)	51–10,000					1·10 (0·87–1·40)
	>10,000					1·38 (1·04–1·85)^⁎

^⁎

p < 0·05.

^⁎⁎

p < 0·001.

Model 1: Adjusted for age.

Model 2: Model 1 + race, BMI, smoking.

Model 3: Model 2 + HAART, and viral load.