Fig 3. OsMADS25 confers H₂O₂ tolerance by promoting ROS-scavenging capability.

A. Root performance of wild type and OsMADS25 transgenic seedlings in modified 1/2 MS medium (without nitrate, with 5 mM glutamine as the N nutrition) with or without 10 mM H₂O₂ for 7 or 14 days. Scale bars, 1 cm. B–D. Measurement of primary root length, lateral root number and shoot length of 7–day–old seedlings shown in image A. E–G. Measurement of primary root length, lateral root number and shoot length of 14–day–old seedlings shown in image A. H–K. Activities of antioxidant enzymes of CAT, APX, GPX and GR in roots of 7–day–old seedlings shown in image A. L. Quantification of H₂O₂ content in the roots of 7–day–old seedlings shown in image A. WT, wild type. RNAi1 and RNAi2, OsMADS25–RNAi transgenic lines. OE1 and OE2, OsMADS25 overexpression lines. Three independent experiments were performed, and data are means ± SE (n = 15). The statistical significance of the measurements using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was determined using Student’s t-test. Asterisks indicate the significant difference between OsMADS25 transgenic lines and WT plants (^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 or ^***P < 0.001).