Fig. 3.

Radiomics feature selection using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model. (a) Tuning parameter (λ) selection in LASSO model used ten-fold cross-validation via minimum criteria. Dotted vertical lines were drawn both at the optimal (left) and minimum values (right) by using minimum criteria and 1 standard error of minimum criteria. A λ value of 0.0525, with log (λ), −2·947 was chosen using ten-fold cross-validation. (b) LASSO coefficient profiles of 20,648 features. A coefficient profile plot was produced versus the log (λ) sequence. Vertical line was drawn at the value selected where optimal λ resulted in 11 nonzero coefficients.