Schematic of Endocytosis and Exocytosis Patterns of Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles enter the cell via four types of pathways: clathrin-/caveolar-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, and pinocytosis. Nanoparticles exit the cell via three types of pathways: lysosome secretion, vesicle-related secretion, and non-vesicle-related secretion. MVBs, multivesicular bodies. Reproduced with permission from Oh and Park.42 Copyright © 2014 Dove Press Ltd.