Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients according to the radiomics score in the training and validation cohorts.
| Variables | Training cohort (n = 228) |
Internal validation cohort (n = 186) |
External validation cohort (n = 1177) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| low-RS (%) | medium-RS (%) | high-RS(%) | p-value | low-RS(%) | medium-RS(%) | high-RS(%) | p-value | low-RS(%) | medium-RS(%) | high-RS(%) | p-value | |
| Gender | 0.817 | 0.561 | 0.001 | |||||||||
| Male | 77(40.0%) | 30(34.4%) | 34(60.0%) | 74(58.3%) | 24(18.9%) | 29(22.8%) | 152(41.8%) | 134(36.8%) | 78(21.4%) | |||
| Female | 51(34.4%) | 16(34.4%) | 20(65.6%) | 39(66.1%) | 10(16.9%) | 10(16.9%) | 275(33.8%) | 282(34.7%) | 256(31.5%) | |||
| Age(years) | 0.210 | 0.019 | 0.001 | |||||||||
| <60 | 88(60.3%) | 28(19.2%) | 30(20.5%) | 63(55.3%) | 28(24.6%) | 23(20.2%) | 269(40.1%) | 234(34.9%) | 167(24.9%) | |||
| ≧60 | 40(48.8%) | 18(22%) | 24(29.3%) | 50(69.4%) | 6(8.3%) | 16(22.2%) | 158(31.2%) | 182(35.9%) | 167(32.9%) | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.333 | 0.968 | 0.129 | |||||||||
| 0 | 86(56.6%) | 28(18.4%) | 38(25.0%) | 77(60.2%) | 24(18.8%) | 27(21.1%) | 304(38.5%) | 265(33.5%) | 221(28.0%) | |||
| 1 | 34(55.7%) | 15(24.6%) | 12(19.7%) | 29(63.0%) | 8(17.4%) | 9(19.6%) | 96(30.8%) | 129(41.3%) | 87(27.9%) | |||
| 2 | 7(58.3%) | 1(8.3%) | 4(33.3%) | 6(60.0%) | 2(20.0%) | 2(20.0%) | 21(34.4%) | 18(29.5%) | 22(36.1%) | |||
| 3 | 1(33.3%) | 2(66.7%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(50.9%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(50.0%) | 6(42.9%) | 4(28.6%) | 4(28.6%) | |||
| Tumor size(cm) | 0.073 | 0.410 | 0.001 | |||||||||
| <4 | 60(65.2%) | 14(15.2%) | 18(19.6%) | 56(65.9%) | 14(16.5%) | 15(17.6%) | 192(42.7%) | 153(34.0%) | 105(23.3%) | |||
| ≧4 | 68(50%) | 32(23.5%) | 36(26.5%) | 57(56.4%) | 20(19.8%) | 24(23.8%) | 235(32.3%) | 263(36.2%) | 229(31.5%) | |||
| Tumor location | 0.266 | 0.015 | 0.020 | |||||||||
| Cardia | 29(69%) | 6(14.3%) | 7(16.7%) | 30(88.2%) | 3(8.8%) | 1(2.9%) | 130(32.7%) | 135(34.0%) | 132(33.2%) | |||
| Body | 28(66.7%) | 6(14.3%) | 8(19%) | 17(65.4%) | 3(11.5%) | 6(23.1%) | 97(40.4%) | 92(38.3%) | 51(21.3%) | |||
| Antrum | 55(49.1%) | 26(23.2%) | 31(27.7%) | 53(52%) | 23(22.5%) | 26(25.5%) | 184(37.8%) | 173(35.5%) | 130(26.7%) | |||
| Whole | 16(50%) | 8(25%) | 8(25%) | 13(54.2%) | 5(20.8%) | 6(25%) | 16(30.2%) | 16(30.2%) | 21(39.6%) | |||
| Differentiation | <0.0001 | 0.095 | 0.006 | |||||||||
| Well | 23(82.1%) | 3(10.7%) | 2(7.1%) | 12(37.5%) | 4(37.5%) | 0(0%) | 39(47.0%) | 31(37.3%) | 13(15.7%) | |||
| Moderate | 55(68.8%) | 13(16.3%) | 12(15%) | 36(37.5%) | 6(37.5%) | 10(19.2%) | 82(37.5%) | 90(37.5%) | 51(19.2%) | |||
| Poor and undifferentiated | 50(41.7%) | 30(25%) | 40(33.3%) | 20(37%) | 27(37.5%) | 34(63%) | 306(35.1%) | 295(33.9%) | 270(31.0%) | |||
| Lauren type | <0.0001 | 0.103 | 0.142 | |||||||||
| Intestinal type | 80(71.4%) | 12(10.7%) | 20(17.9%) | 70(67.3%) | 17(16.3%) | 17(16.3%) | 133(33.3%) | 156(39.0%) | 111(27.8%) | |||
| Diffuse or mixed | 48(41.4%) | 34(29.3%) | 34(29.3%) | 43(52.4%) | 17(20.7%) | 22(26.8%) | 294(37.8%) | 260(33.5%) | 223(28.7%) | |||
| CEA | 0.010 | 0.002 | 0.0005 | |||||||||
| Elevated | 11(33.3%) | 12(36.4%) | 10(30.3%) | 11(39.3%) | 4(14.3%) | 13(46.3%) | 69(27.6%) | 88(35.2%) | 93(37.2%) | |||
| Normal | 117(60%) | 34(17.4%) | 44(22.6%) | 102(64.6%) | 30(19%) | 26(16.5%) | 102(38.6%) | 30(35.4%) | 26(26.0%) | |||
| CA199 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
| Elevated | 20(35.7%) | 12(21.4%) | 24(42.9%) | 23(44.2%) | 8(15.4%) | 21(40.4%) | 40(22.2%) | 63(35.0%) | 77(42.8%) | |||
| Normal | 108(62.8%) | 34(19.8%) | 30(17.4%) | 90(67.2%) | 26(19.4%) | 18(13.4%) | 387(38.8%) | 353(35.4%) | 257(25.8%) | |||
| Depth of invasion | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
| T1 | 16(100%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | 7(63.6%) | 4(36.4%) | 0(0%) | 74(49.3%) | 55(36.7%) | 21(14%) | |||
| T2 | 12(75%) | 4(25%) | 0(0%) | 11(91.7%) | 1(8.3%) | 0(0%) | 64(48.1%) | 38(28.6%) | 31(23.3%) | |||
| T3 | 3(42.9%) | 0(0%) | 4(57.1%) | 13(76.5%) | 4(23.5%) | 0(0%) | 78(29.9%) | 110(42.1%) | 73(28.0%) | |||
| T4a | 75(65.2%) | 22(19.1%) | 18(15.7%) | 57(68.7%) | 14(16.9%) | 12(14.5%) | 198(36.1%) | 174(31.8%) | 176(32.1%) | |||
| T4b | 22(29.7%) | 20(27%) | 32(43.2%) | 25(39.7%) | 11(17.5%) | 27(42.9%) | 13(15.3%) | 39(45.9%) | 33(38.8%) | |||
| Lymph node metastasis | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
| N0 | 32(71.1%) | 11(24.4%) | 2(4.4%) | 40(74.1%) | 10(18.5%) | 4(7.4%) | 188(48.0%) | 128(32.7%) | 76(19.4%) | |||
| N1 | 27(75%) | 5(13.9%) | 4(11.1%) | 20(83.3%) | 3(12.5%) | 3(4.2%) | 61(33.9%) | 75(41.7%) | 44(24.4%) | |||
| N2 | 37(55.2%) | 10(14.9%) | 20(29.9%) | 26(63.4%) | 3(7.3%) | 12(29.9%) | 61(29.3%) | 77(37.0%) | 70(33.7%) | |||
| N3 | 32(40%) | 20(25%) | 28(35%) | 27(40.3%) | 18(26.9%) | 22(32.8%) | 117(29.5%) | 136(34.3%) | 144(36.3%) | |||
| Distant metastasis | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0004 | |||||||||
| M0 | 120(66.3%) | 30(16.6%) | 31(17.1%) | 108(72%) | 24(16%) | 18(12%) | 404(38.1%) | 366(34.5%) | 290(27.4%) | |||
| M1 | 8(17%) | 16(34%) | 23(49%) | 5(13.9%) | 10(27.8%) | 21(58.3%) | 23(19.7%) | 50(42.7%) | 44(37.6%) | |||
| Stage | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||||||
| I | 18(81.8%) | 4(18.2%) | 0(0%) | 12(75%) | 4(25%) | 0(0%) | 108(52.4%) | 64(31.1%) | 34(16.5%) | |||
| II | 20(87%) | 1(4.3%) | 2(8.7%) | 31(86.1%) | 5(13.9%) | 0(0%) | 125(41.8%) | 105(35.1%) | 69(23.1%) | |||
| III | 82(60.3%) | 25(18.4%) | 29(21.3%) | 65(66.3%) | 15(15.3%) | 18(18.4%) | 171(30.8%) | 197(35.5%) | 187(33.7%) | |||
| IV | 8(17%) | 16(34%) | 23(49%) | 5(13.9%) | 10(27.8%) | 21(58.3%) | 23(19.7%) | 50(42.7%) | 44(37.6%) | |||
RS: radiomic score.