Table 3.
Percent change (95% CI)a in urinary metal concentrations in relation to demographic characteristics and BMI z-score among ELEMENT children at 8-14 years of age
| Variable | Alb | Asb | Bab | Cdb | Cob | Mnb | Mob | Nib | Pbb | Znc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys (ref: girls) | 10 (−8, 32) | −9 (−21, 6) | 8 (−11, 31) | 8 (−6, 23) | 4 (−7, 16) | −12 (−24, 2) | −11 (−22, 3) | −2 (−14, 12) | 6 (−11, 26) | −7 (−19, 7) |
| Age (yr.) | −1 (−6, 5) | 1 (−4, 5) | 4 (−2, 10) | 1 (−4, 4) | 6 (2, 10)* | −1 (−5, 5) | −3 (−7, 2) | 1 (−3, 5) | 3 (−2, 9) | −1 (−5, 4) |
| BMI (z-score) | 1 (−7, 8) | −1 (−6, 6) | 4 (−4, 12) | −4 (−9, 1) | 3 (−1, 8) | −2 (−8, 4) | −6 (−11, −1)* | −1 (−5, 5) | −5 (−11, 2) | 2 (−4, 8) |
| SES scored | −3 (−6, 1) | 1 (−2, 4) | −1 (−4, 3) | −1 (−3, 2) | −1 (−3, 1) | 1 (−3, 3) | −2 (−5, 1) | 1 (−2, 3) | −2 (−6, 1) | 1 (−2, 4) |
| Maternal ed. (yr.) | −1 (−4, 3) | 2 (−1, 4) | 2 (−1, 6) | 1 (−2, 3) | 1 (−1, 3) | 2 (−1, 5) | 1 (−1, 4) | 1 (−2, 3) | −1 (−3, 3) | −1 (−3, 2) |
a
Results from linear regression models using ln-transformed urinary metal concentrations, adjusted for all other variables in table and specific gravity. Effect estimates are expressed as percent change in urinary metal concentrations relative to the reference group.
b
Total sample size for Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Pb was 217 for all variables.
c
Total sample size for Zn was 198 for all variables.
d
Higher score indicates higher household possessions.
*
p<0.05.