Figure 1.

Generation of a mouse organoid model for Munc18-2 deficiency. (A) Cre-mediated deletion of Munc18-2. Schematic genomic locus and genotyping polymerase chain reaction in organoids. (B) Light microscopy images of WT and Munc18-2 KO small intestinal organoids. (C) Growth curve of WT and Munc18-2 KO organoids (log₂ scale). The mean organoid number (±SD) was determined in n = 3 independent wells during 22 days of culture (corresponding to 3 passages). (D) Z-projected confocal images of phalloidin staining and DAPI show maintenance of general morphology in Munc18-2 KO organoids. Irregular F-actin staining is seen in the villus region of KO organoids, indicating mild polarity defects (white arrow). Scale bars: 50 μm.