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Effect of nicotine and royal jelly on A) sperm malondialdehyde concentration, B) percentage of decondensed chromatin and C) percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation. The different superscripts are representative of significant differences. CON: Control, RJ: Royal jelly, NIC 0.50: Nicotine 0.50 mg kg-1 per day, NIC 1.00: Nicotine 1.00 mg kg-1 per day.
