Table 2.

Spatial heterogeneity of childhood cancer incidence on the living zone and département scales (France, 2000‐2014)

Diagnostic groups and subgroups	N	n2	Living zonea							n2	Département b
			Spatial overdispersion			Spatial autocorrelation		Global heterogeneity			Spatial overdispersion			Spatial autocorrelation		Global heterogeneity
			$\widehat{b}$	$\widehat{b\_\text{sd}}$	P	I	P	R	P		$\widehat{b}$	$\widehat{b\_\text{sd}}$	P	I	P	R	P
Malignant hematopoietic tumors
Leukemias, myeloproliferative, and myelodysplastic diseases	7447	837	−0.04	−1.2	0.92	0.00	0.40	0.25	0.51	95	−0.10	−0.7	0.73	0.20	0.26	0.02	0.23
Acute lymphoid leukemias	5854	702	−0.06	−1.8	0.96	0.00	0.41	0.31	0.71	95	−0.02	−0.1	0.53	0.25	0.10	0.02	0.08
Acute myeloid leukemias	1078	143	0.00	−0.1	0.51	0.00	0.43	1.84	0.28	91	−0.05	−0.3	0.62	0.10	0.90	0.08	0.53
Lymphomas	2832	381	0.02	0.6	0.23	0.01	0.24	0.75	0.09	95	0.15	1.0	0.15	0.13	0.80	0.04	0.18
Hodgkin lymphomas	1262	174	0.02	0.7	0.25	0.02	0.12	1.67	0.14	92	0.12	0.8	0.21	0.35	<0.01	0.13	0.03
Burkitt lymphomas	699	97	0.00	0.1	0.45	0.02	0.10	3.11	0.09	79	0.24	1.6	0.06	0.19	0.36	0.20	0.07
Other lymphomas	871	124	0.04	1.1	0.14	0.01	0.32	2.39	0.17	86	0.36	2.5	0.01	0.14	0.70	0.17	0.05
CNS tumors	6359	762	0.08	2.5	0.01	−0.01	0.66	0.32	0.18	95	0.45	3.1	<0.01	0.23	0.15	0.03	<0.01
Ependymomas and choroid plexus tumors	625	66	0.03	0.9	0.19	−0.03	0.99	2.91	0.63	78	0.14	0.9	0.18	0.10	0.90	0.07	0.94
Embryonal CNS tumors	1228	165	0.02	0.6	0.21	0.00	0.36	1.45	0.71	91	−0.04	−0.3	0.59	0.22	0.20	0.07	0.48
Gliomas	3898	523	0.10	3.0	<0.01	0.00	0.44	0.58	0.01	95	0.67	4.6	<0.01	0.21	0.25	0.06	<0.01
Pilocytic astrocytomas	1409	207	0.03	0.9	0.18	−0.03	0.98	1.24	0.78	91	0.22	1.5	0.07	0.14	0.69	0.09	0.12
Other gliomas	2489	348	0.08	2.3	0.02	0.01	0.28	0.94	<0.01	95	0.66	4.5	<0.01	0.24	0.13	0.09	<0.01
Embryonal tumors
Neuroblastomas	2101	266	−0.02	−0.6	0.74	0.01	0.29	0.83	0.82	93	0.15	1.1	0.15	0.26	0.05	0.06	0.15
Retinoblastomas	742	83	−0.02	−0.6	0.74	0.00	0.53	2.31	0.82	83	0.00	0.0	0.49	0.07	0.98	0.10	0.65
Nephroblastomas	1415	181	0.03	0.8	0.20	0.02	0.06	1.72	<0.01	91	0.11	0.8	0.21	0.13	0.71	0.08	0.21
Hepatoblastomas	218	24	0.08	2.6	0.02	−0.02	0.99	7.81	0.75	49	−0.03	−0.2	0.55	0.12	0.83	0.34	0.66
Malignant bone and soft tissue tumors
Malignant bone tumors	1225	169	0.01	0.2	0.41	0.02	0.07	1.75	0.10	91	−0.11	−0.8	0.77	0.19	0.38	0.05	0.80
Osteosarcomas	576	74	0.00	−0.1	0.50	0.02	0.12	3.14	0.67	81	−0.09	−0.6	0.71	0.26	0.07	0.20	0.20
Ewing tumors	556	73	−0.02	−0.5	0.65	0.00	0.49	3.79	0.17	81	−0.04	−0.3	0.59	0.19	0.37	0.10	0.87
Soft tissue and other extraosseous sarcomas	1654	230	0.03	0.9	0.17	−0.02	0.94	1.02	0.88	91	0.11	0.7	0.22	0.22	0.16	0.05	0.50
Rhabdomyosarcomas	899	125	0.01	0.2	0.41	−0.02	0.98	1.94	0.77	87	−0.10	−0.7	0.74	0.15	0.61	0.04	0.97
Other soft tissue sarcomas	755	101	−0.01	−0.2	0.58	−0.02	0.94	2.26	0.83	79	0.09	0.6	0.24	0.26	0.08	0.17	0.11
Germ‐cell tumors, trophoblastic tumors, and neoplasms of gonads	836	116	0.02	0.6	0.25	0.00	0.42	2.11	0.76	86	0.07	0.5	0.31	0.14	0.69	0.10	0.43
Intracranial and intraspinal GCT	229	31	−0.02	−0.6	0.72	−0.01	0.78	7.34	0.78	57	−0.15	−1.0	0.86	0.20	0.29	0.42	0.35
Malignant extracranial and extragonadal GCT	263	29	0.02	0.7	0.22	−0.01	0.63	7.38	0.40	52	0.02	0.1	0.43	0.17	0.49	0.29	0.63
Malignant gonadal GCT	318	37	−0.01	−0.3	0.57	0.04	0.02	5.74	0.60	60	−0.08	−0.5	0.69	0.20	0.31	0.28	0.46
All cancers	25 877	1610	0.03	1.0	0.16	0.00	0.39	0.09	0.02	95	0.38	2.6	0.01	0.18	0.43	0.01	0.05

CNS, Central nervous system; GCT, germ cell tumors.

n2: number of areas with 2 observed cases or more. $\widehat{b}$: overdispersion parameter estimate (Potthoff and Whittinghill's test); $\widehat{b\_\text{sd}}$: standardized overdispersion parameter estimate $\widehat{b}/\widehat{\text{sd}}$ with $\widehat{\text{sd}}=\sqrt{\frac{2\mathrm{N}}{(m-1)(\mathrm{N}-1)}}$ where m = total number of geographic units. The Statistical significance level was based on the one‐sided tail probability of the null distribution (1000 Monte Carlo simulations). I and R refer to Moran's autocorrelation statistic and Rogerson's statistic.

^a1916 LZ for spatial overdispersion, 1898 LZ for spatial autocorrelation and overall heterogeneity (islands excluded).

^b95 départements for spatial overdispersion, 94 départements for spatial autocorrelation and overall heterogeneity (Corsica excluded).