Table 4.

Other miscellaneous issues in predatory journals[32]

These journals are often found re-publishing manuscripts, editorials which are already published in other journals, magazines, newspapers, or even in conferences without providing appropriate credits

Often claim to be a “leading publisher” using fake boastful language even though being just a start-up publisher

Provides very minimal or no proofreading of submissions before publishing

Displays “contact us” information just in the form of a web-based form or an email address without displaying actual address