Table 4.

Standard scores across tasks for the whole sample.

Group	WS4	WS5	WS7	TMT A (reversed)	TMT B/A (reversed)	DS forward	DS backward	VF phonology	VF semantic
Y	0.08	0.21	−0.78	0.02	0.02	−0.35	−0.85	−0.02	−0.04
Y	0.07	0.19	–1.12	−0.15	0.73	0.65	0.28	0.49	1.60
Y	0.07	0.19	0.83	0.16	−0.43	−0.37	−0.87	0.32	−0.06
Y	0.08	0.21	0.85	0.23	−0.44	0.66	1.44	0.32	−0.21
Y	0.13	0.29	−0.38	−0.30	0.32	–1.32	−0.79	–1.04	−0.30
Y	0.13	0.29	0.27	0.01	0.09	0.71	−0.79	0.26	–1.30
Y	0.09	0.23	0.86	0.18	−0.35	–1.36	−0.84	0.76	0.81
Y	0.10	0.25	1.53	−0.01	0.38	3.74	3.76	1.81	2.65
Y	0.09	0.23	–1.09	0.13	−0.14	–1.36	−0.84	0.50	−0.19
Y	0.05	–0.85	−1.16	−0.43	0.23	0.63	0.25	−0.39	−0.92
Y	0.14	0.31	−0.69	−0.14	0.05	−0.29	−0.77	1.05	−0.78
Y	0.05	0.15	1.44	–1.08	0.22	−0.39	1.39	–2.12	–2.25
Y	0.05	0.15	0.79	0.23	−0.98	0.63	0.25	−0.47	−0.26
Y	0.06	0.17	0.16	−0.27	−0.79	0.64	0.26	–1.76	−0.91
Y	–1.67	0.15	0.79	−0.21	0.11	–1.41	1.39	−0.30	0.24
Y	0.15	0.33	–1.32	0.38	−0.07	0.74	0.39	0.45	0.89
Y	0.05	0.15	0.14	0.14	−0.28	0.63	−0.90	0.13	−0.43
Y	0.08	0.21	0.20	0.15	0.16	−0.35	0.29	0.67	0.12
Y	0.08	0.21	−0.13	−0.25	−0.25	−0.35	–2.00	–1.15	–1.37
Y	0.10	0.25	−0.74	0.08	0.17	−0.33	−0.82	−0.01	0.66
Y	0.05	–3.34	−0.18	0.01	0.06	−0.39	0.25	1.17	0.40
MO	0.57	1.14	–1.24	0.79	0.57	0.21	1.02	−0.17	−0.74
MO	0.44	0.90	0.49	0.72	0.71	1.08	0.83	1.40	2.21
MO	0.50	1.00	0.26	0.31	0.24	−0.89	−0.23	−0.65	−0.69
MO	0.48	−0.51	−0.41	0.85	0.47	0.11	0.90	−0.66	−0.05
MO	–2.97	0.96	−0.43	0.64	−0.75	−0.92	–1.41	−0.84	−0.23
MO	0.52	1.04	1.59	0.98	0.69	1.17	–1.35	1.27	1.00
MO	0.52	1.04	2.24	1.16	0.06	2.18	0.94	2.91	2.83
MO	–1.13	–2.30	–2.18	–3.51	–1.01	–1.80	−0.09	–1.37	−0.87
MO	0.55	1.10	0.35	0.68	0.28	−0.83	−0.15	0.51	0.72
MO	0.45	−0.57	−0.47	0.58	0.76	−0.94	−0.30	0.10	0.07
MO	0.46	–1.05	−0.77	0.17	0.75	−0.93	−0.28	0.28	−0.91
MO	0.46	0.94	−0.77	1.22	0.63	1.11	0.86	0.02	1.75
MO	–1.23	−0.99	–1.69	–1.00	−0.61	−0.89	–1.38	–1.34	−0.53
MO	0.48	0.98	0.89	0.15	1.15	0.11	0.90	1.68	1.61
MO	0.47	–1.03	–1.08	–2.50	0.37	−0.92	–1.41	0.38	0.27
MO	0.54	0.09	0.98	0.78	0.12	0.17	−0.17	−0.11	0.37
MO	0.57	1.14	0.38	0.53	−0.44	1.23	−0.12	−0.17	0.09
MO	0.45	−0.07	0.18	0.27	0.97	0.08	0.85	–1.45	−0.26
MO	–1.17	1.10	0.67	0.55	0.58	0.19	−0.15	−0.19	0.72
MO	0.56	0.13	1.67	0.76	0.37	−0.82	1.01	−0.96	−0.09
MO	0.50	1.00	−0.07	0.70	0.17	1.14	–1.38	–1.26	−0.20
OO	0.71	1.41	–1.01	0.45	−0.34	−0.65	0.08	0.42	–1.67
OO	0.70	0.39	−0.37	−0.89	−0.40	0.36	1.21	1.02	–1.19
OO	0.71	0.41	1.27	0.06	1.29	1.39	0.08	−0.62	−0.35
OO	0.63	−0.72	−0.16	1.19	0.13	1.30	1.12	1.07	−0.97
OO	0.63	–1.72	0.17	–1.42	0.20	0.28	−0.03	–1.00	0.53
OO	0.63	0.27	–1.13	–1.42	1.24	−0.73	−0.03	0.64	–1.30
OO	0.66	−0.66	−0.43	0.20	−0.23	0.32	0.02	–1.42	−0.42
OO	0.76	1.51	0.39	1.04	0.04	1.45	1.31	0.63	−0.09
OO	–1.07	–1.68	0.20	0.16	0.00	−0.71	0.00	0.22	−0.27
OO	0.64	–1.20	0.51	1.40	0.12	−0.72	−1.16	−0.57	0.21
OO	−1.96	−0.74	−1.48	−3.73	−0.69	−1.76	−1.19	−1.01	−1.15
OO	−2.73	−0.56	−1.31	1.35	−0.34	0.38	0.10	1.38	0.83
OO	−3.67	−0.72	−2.11	−0.77	−0.30	−0.73	−0.03	−0.74	−0.80
OO	0.66	1.33	−0.10	0.37	−0.02	0.32	0.02	−0.38	0.08
OO	0.78	1.55	1.40	−0.42	1.48	0.46	0.19	0.55	1.27
OO	−2.81	−1.22	0.49	0.54	−2.00	−0.73	1.12	0.73	0.53
OO	0.72	0.44	1.94	−1.35	0.61	0.38	−1.05	−0.78	0.34
OO	0.65	−1.68	−0.12	0.64	0.01	−0.71	−1.14	1.60	0.40
OO	0.64	−0.70	1.16	−1.13	0.50	0.30	1.13	−0.13	−0.12
OO	0.63	−1.72	−0.16	0.02	−6.20	−0.73	−1.17	−1.70	−1.30

The table shows standardized scores for all participants in different age groups for each neuropsychological test. There is no specific pattern of one test or sub-group of tests being specifically represented with low scores in any age group. Rather there is a general variability across the neuropsychological battery. Red scores are < − 1. Y, young group; MO, middle-old group; OO, old-old group; WS, word span; TMT, trail making test; DS, digit span; VF, verbal fluency.