TABLE 5.

Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for Neonatal Outcomes Associated with the Total Effects of Severe Preeclampsia and Controlled Direct Effects Accounting for Mediation by Preterm Birth in the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002–2008)

Outcome	Total Effectsa		Controlled Direct Effectsb
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Perinatal mortalityc	2.7	2.1–3.5	4.5	0.9–22.1
SGAd	2.6	2.4–2.9	3.5	2.9–4.3
NICU admission	7.6	7.0–8.1	2.9	2.2–3.7
Respiratory distress syndrome	9.5	8.7–10.4	8.1	4.4–14.9
Transient tachypnea of the newborn	2.7	2.4–3.0	1.8	1.1–2.8
Neonatal anemia	7.3	6.5–8.2	0.8	0.3–1.7
Apneae	8.9	8.0–9.9	3.0	1.4–6.3
Asphyxia	2.8	1.9–4.2	7.1	2.5–20.4
Peri- or intraventricular hemorrhage	5.6	4.7–6.8	16.9	4.9–58.4
Cardiomyopathy	5.3	2.8–9.9	3.3	0.5–23.4

^aThe total effect odds of neonatal outcomes were estimated using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. All analyses were adjusted for study site, maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, insurance status, marital status, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and chronic diseases during pregnancy. Statistically significant results are bolded.

^bThe controlled direct effect of preeclampsia not mediated by preterm was estimated using marginal structural models with inverse probability weights with delivery set at term (≥37 weeks). ORs were estimated using weighted logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Statistically significant results are bolded.

^cDefined as fetal deaths ≥23 weeks, intrapartum deaths, and neonatal deaths during the first week of life.

^dDefined as <10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age and infant sex after excluding missing and implausible values

^eData on apnea are missing from one study site (missing for 113 pregnancies with severe preeclampsia and 18,508 normotensive pregnancies).

CI indicates confidence interval; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; SGA, small for gestational age.