Table 1.
Patient demographics and characteristics
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.1 (8.9) |
| ≥45 years, n (%) | 214 (70.9) |
| Female gender, n (%) | 218 (72.2) |
| US census region, n (%) | |
| Northeast | 16 (5.3) |
| Midwest | 111 (36.8) |
| South | 135 (44.7) |
| West | 40 (13.2) |
| Quan-Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 0.6 (1.2) |
| Categorical Quan-Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | |
| 0 | 194 (64.2) |
| 1–2 | 90 (29.8) |
| 3–4 | 9 (3.0) |
| ≥5 | 9 (3.0) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Other nervous system disorders | 179 (59.3) |
| Hypertension | 123 (40.7) |
| Respiratory infections | 120 (39.7) |
| Diseases of the urinary system | 118 (39.1) |
| Disorders of lipid metabolism | 116 (38.4) |
| Diseases of the heart | 104 (34.4) |
| Other nutritional, endocrine, and metabolic disorders | 102 (33.8) |
| Baseline opioid use, n (%) | 269 (89.1) |