Table 1. Summary of the validity of emotional stimuli.
Infant | Male | Female | ||||||||||
Neutral face | Sad face | Happy face | Neutral face | Sad face | Happy face | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Happiness | 1.18 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 6.18*** | 1.10 | 1.50 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 6.27*** | 0.88 |
Sadness | 1.64 | 0.85 | 6.18*** | 0.96 | 1.05 | 0.21 | 2.18 | 1.26 | 5.23 | 1.90 | 1.05 | 0.21 |
Disgust | 1.86 | 1.13 | 4.91 | 1.90 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 2.23 | 1.19 | 4.95 | 1.76 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Anger | 1.50 | 1.01 | 2.91 | 2.11 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.55 | 0.86 | 2.95 | 1.89 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Adult | Male | Female | ||||||||||
Neutral face | Sad face | Happy face | Neutral face | Sad face | Happy face | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Happiness | 1.14 | 0.47 | 1.36 | 0.73 | 5.77*** | 1.23 | 1.64 | 0.85 | 1.09 | 0.43 | 5.86*** | 1.04 |
Sadness | 1.32 | 0.89 | 4.68*** | 1.29 | 1.14 | 0.64 | 1.50 | 0.74 | 5.27*** | 1.52 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Disgust | 1.73 | 0.94 | 2.82 | 1.56 | 1.05 | 0.21 | 1.55 | 0.74 | 3.50 | 1.68 | 1.09 | 0.43 |
Anger | 1.59 | 0.85 | 1.45 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.41 | 0.73 | 2.23 | 1.19 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
*** p < .001