(a) Anti-cancer toxicity of free drugs. Blue triangle: MMAE, Red square: DM1, Green circle: mAb. (b) SDS-PAGE of ADCs. M: marker, 0: purified mAb, 1–4: lysine-based DM1-carrying ADCs (named as DM1-ADC1-4) with drug:linker:mAb ratio of 4:4:1, 8:4:1, 8:4:1, and 16:8:1, respectively. DM1-ADC1 and ADC2 were purified using G25 column, and DM1-ADC3 and ADC4 were purified using protein A column. 5–8: Cysteine-based ADCs. 5: ADC from sequential conjugation with rebridging linker. 6: ADC from sequential conjugation with traditional linker. 7: ADC from in situ conjugation with rebridging linker (named as MMAE-ADC1). 8: ADC from in situ conjugation with traditional linker (named as MMAE-ADC2). ADC samples were loaded to SDS-PAGE gel with 2 μg/well. (c) Anti-cancer toxicity of lysine-based anti-HER2 mAb-DM1 ADCs. Blue triangle: DM1-ADC1, Red square: DM1-ADC2, Green circle: DM1-ADC3, Purple rhombus: DM1-ADC4. (d) Anti-cancer toxicity of anti-HER2 mAb-MMAE ADCs. Blue triangle: MMAE-ADC1, Red square: MMAE-ADC2.