Fig. 8.

A self-powered, room-temperature electronic nose based on triboelectrification and heterogeneous catalytic reaction. a Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of a self-powered electronic nose and an optical image of the as-fabricated device. SEM images of b the ZnO NWs and c the NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO NWs grown on the SiO₂/Si (Scale bar, 500 nm). The output performance of the sensor elements comprising d NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO-PFTE and e NiO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO-PI under cycled compressive force of 50 N at an applied frequency of 4 Hz. Figures adapted from [96]