Table 1.

Comparison of static and dynamic sensing modes of cantilever platforms

Parameters		Sensing modes
		Dynamic	Static
Sensing principle		Measurement of change in resonant frequency due to change in mass and/or spring constant Measurement of resonant frequency due to change in surface stress	Measurement of cantilever displacement due to change in surface stress
Features		Receptors are immobilized on either one side or both sides of the cantilever Sensitivity can be improved by operating the cantilever at higher modes	Receptors are immobilized on one side of the cantilever Sensitivity can be improved by incorporating stress concentration regions
Limitations		Erroneous due to adsorbate-induced changes in stiffness Susceptible to fluid damping effect Susceptible to material damping effect Dependence of change in resonant frequency on position of the target molecule on the cantilever	Structural nonlinearity due to large deflection of the cantilever Dependence of surface stress generation on immobilization protocols
Suitability for measurement	Liquid	Low	High
	Air	High	High
Resolution		Mass: 10−24 g [74]	Cantilever deflection: 4Å [87]