Table 2.
Experimental details of the origin, type, and magnitude of surface stress generated due to different target–receptor interactions on cantilever platform
| Reference numbers | Authors | Type and magnitude of surface stress | Cause of surface stress | Target molecule | Readout | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [88] | Fritz et al. (2000) | Compressive 5 × 10−3 N m−1 | Electrostatic, steric, and hydrophobic interactions | DNA and protein A immunoglobulin (IgG) (protein–protein) interactions | Optical | |
| [94] | Wu et al. (2001) |
Compressive immobilization of ssDNA Tensile with DNA hybridization, but remains net compressive |
Configurational entropy and intermolecular energetics (electrostatic and steric interactions) | DNA and biotin–avidin (protein–ligand) binding | Optical | |
| [95] | McKendry et al. (2002) |
Compressive 2.7 × 10−3 N m−1 Single duplex molecule exerts a compressive stress of 1 × 1012 N m−1 |
Steric hindrance | DNA | Optical | |
| [96] | Watari et al. (2007) |
For pH ≥ 7.0 Compressive 14.5 ± 0.3 × 10−3 N m−1 For pH < 6.0 Tensile 0.9 ± 0.3 × 10−3 N m−1 |
Electrostatic (ionic hydrogen bond interactions, dipole–dipole interactions, and Columbic forces) | Mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) and hexadecanethiol (HDT) | Optical | |
| [97] | Stachowiak et al. (2006) | Compressive 2–32 × 10−3 N m−1 | Steric and hydrostatic hindrances, osmotic and hydration forces | DNA | Optical | |
| [98] | Mertens et al. (2008) |
RH: 5–20% Tensile |
40–70 × 10−3 N m−1 |
Hydration forces Dipole–dipole interactions (Attractive): tensile Steric hindrance (Repulsive): compressive |
DNA | Optical |
|
RH: 50–70% Compressive |
150–200 × 10−3 N m−1 | |||||
| [99] | Godin et al. (2010) | Compressive 6.3 ± 0.2 N m−1 |
Lennard-John-type interactions (van der Waals and Pauli exclusion): ± 0.001–0.01 N m−1 Electrostatic interactions (Coulombic interactions): 0.01–0.1 N m−1 (compressive) Changes in electronics charge density of Au surface: 6.3 ± 0.2 N m−1 (compressive) |
DNA Hexanethiol (C6), octanethiol (C8), decanethiol (C10) |
– | |
| [100] | Yang et al. (2011) |
TNT, DDT, DNT on Au surface compressive TNT on SiO2 tensile TMAH on Au tensile 0–1 N m−1 |
Stereo effect and hydrogen bond intensity | TNT, DDT, DNT, TMAH | Piezoresistive | |