Figure 1.
The Relationships between VRE Generation Penetration and Electricity System Metrics Across Historical and 2030 Scenarios
The four panels show (A) VRE curtailment (2015 System simulation excluded), (B) CO2 emissions, (C) wholesale electricity prices, and (D) total generation cost across all scenarios. Individual points are for individual weather years from the 30-year VRE generation dataset, colors indicate the scenarios. Linear regressions across all scenarios are shown in the top panels, and within individual scenarios in the bottom panels. In (C) and (D), the fitted lines are extrapolated well beyond the range of the data points. They are intended to illustrate the general trend and deliberately do not indicate confidence in the predicted values.