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. 2018 Oct 23;8:15615. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33689-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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c-Fos induces impaired adipogenic and osteogenic, but not chondrogenic, differentiation in 3H cells. Representative images of (a) oil red staining after adipogenic differentiation (n = 5); (b) Osteogenic differentiation: alizarin red staining (n = 5), ALP activity (n = 3) and RUNX2 expression (n = 3). ALP protein activity and RT-qPCR of RUNX2 expression were measured 7 days and 24 hours after osteogenic induction, respectively. (c) Alcian blue staining after chondrogenesis differentiation in pellet cultures (n = 3). (d) Basal SOX9 expression in transduced cells (no differentiation induced) (n = 3). (3H-Ø, empty vector transduced cells; 3H-Fos, c-Fos vector transduced cells) (unpaired t-test. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001).