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. 2018 Oct 23;8:15673. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34099-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ERPs produced in response to standard and deviant tones and MMN grand average waveforms in Experiment 2. (A) Ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness in cold-induced pain (red) and recovery (black) phases. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, compared to ratings at 480 s. (B) Grand average waveforms generated in response to standard and deviant tones in the baseline (black), cold pain (red), and recovery (green) periods. (C) MMN grand average waveforms in different experimental phases. The dashed boxes superimposed on the waveforms mark the time window of the MMN (150–200 ms).