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. 2018 Oct 17;9:2270. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02270

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Copyright © 2018 Armenia, Marcone, Berini, Orlandi, Pirrone, Martegani, Gornati, Bernardini and Marinelli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bacterial cell viability of S. aureus ATCC 6538P, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, and E. coli ATCC 35218 measured as CFUs after 5-h growth (see Figure 4) in the presence of IONPs (black bar), NP-APTES (gray bar), NP-TEICO (light gray bar), and teicoplanin (white bar) compared to the untreated control populations (lined bar). Triplicate experiments were conducted for each condition, and the error bars represent the standard errors. One-way ANOVA analyses, ^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001.