Table 2.

Stigmatization of Male Breast Cancer Patients (N = 100).

	N	Range	Minimum	Maximum	Mean value	Standard deviation	Significance in reference to (p)a
Excluded during hospitalization	97	1–5	1	4	1.20	.606	Chemo (.049), radiation (.017), family (.016), colleagues (–) (.000)
Excluded during chemotherapy	57	1–5	1	3	1.14	.398	Rehab (–) (.006), colleagues (–) (.000)
Excluded during radiation therapy	62	1–5	1	3	1.10	.349	Rehab (–) (.019), colleagues (–) (.000)
Excluded during medical rehabilitation	48	1–5	1	5	1.50	.968	Follow-up (.031), family (.004)
Excluded during aftercare or follow-up survey	80	1–5	1	4	1.14	.497	Colleagues (–) (.000)
Excluded from family	100	1–5	1	3	1.05	.297	Friends (–) (.011), colleagues (–) (.000)
Excluded from friends or acquaintances	100	1–5	1	3	1.16	.487	Colleagues (–) (.000)
Excluded from colleagues or superiors	94	1–5	1	5	1.69	.776
Valid terms (list wise)	28

Note. ^aFor interpreting the terms: Positive values indicate higher feelings of exclusion within the term than within the comparative value.