Table 1.
Key Characteristics of Included Articles.
| # | Article | Design | Sample | Participant characteristics | Treatment styles | Treatment orientation | Theoretical constructs mentioned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Addis and Cohane (2005); United States | Commentary | – | NS | I & G | NS | Social learning; psychodynamic; social constructionist & feminist approaches to masculinity |
| 2 | Bedi and Richards (2011); United States | Empirical, quantitative |
n = 37 age range = 19–55 (M = 35.1) |
NS | I | NS | Masculine gender role |
| 3 | Carr and West (2013); United States | Empirical, qualitative (incl. case study) | n = 1; age = 32 | African American male; depression | I | CBT; interpersonal | Multicultural, feminist and masculine role |
| 4 | Cheshire et al. (2016) | Empirical, quantitative | n = 102; age range = 31–49 | NS | I | Integrative; humanistic | Traditional masculine roles |
| 5 | Chovanec (2012); States | Empirical, mixed methods | n = 95; age range = 18–64 (M = 34) | Male domestic abuse perpetrators | G | Psychoeducation | Stages of change model |
| 6 | Cochran (2005); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | I | Clinical assessment | Masculine gender role socialization; gender role conflict; traditional masculine values; multiple masculinities |
| 7 | Cochran and Rabinowitz (2003), States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | Males with depression | I, G, C | Clinical assessment; CBT; psychodynamic; self-psychology | Masculine gender role socialization; gender role conflict |
| 8 | Danforth and Wester (2014); States | Commentary | – | Male military veterans | NS | NS | Masculine gender role socialization; hypermasculine subculture; gender role conflict |
| 9 | Deering and Gannon (2005); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | Male military veterans (with female clinicians) |
I | NS | Traditional masculinity; masculine gender role socialization; normative male alexithymia |
| 10 | Dienhart (2001); United States | Empirical, quantitative (Delphi study) | n = 36 | Family therapists specializing in gender issues | F | NS | Traditional gender roles; masculine mystique; stereotypical gender relations; male socialization; multiple masculinities |
| 11 | Emslie, Ridge, Ziebland, and Hunt (2007); UK | Empirical, qualitative |
n = 38 (16 male); age range = 18–66+ |
Mixed gender with depression | I | NS | Gender stereotypes; socially constructed gender roles; gender role conflict; hegemonic masculinity; traditional gender role |
| 12 | Englar-Carlson and Shepard (2005); United States | Commentary | – | Males in couples counseling | C | NS | Traditional masculine roles; gender role socialization; gender role conflict; gender-specific stigma; multiple masculinities |
| 13 | Evans et al. (2013); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | Males with work–life balance difficulties | NS | Integrity model (existential/humanistic) | Traditional gender stereotypes |
| 14 | Genuchi, Hopper, and Morrison (2017); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | Males in college | I | NS | Masculine gender role socialization; traditional masculine norms; normative male alexithymia |
| 15 | Gillon (2008) | Commentary | – | NS | I | Person-centered | Traditional masculinity; hegemonic masculinity; normative male gender role; gender role conflict; multiple masculinities; stages of change |
| 16 | Good and Robertson (2010); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | I | NS | Traditional masculine socialization; multiple masculinities; masculine gender role norms; masculinity-related problems |
| 17 | Good et al. (2005); United States | Commentary | – | NS | I & G | NS | Masculine role norms; traditional masculine socialization |
| 18 | Kierski and Blazina (2009); | Empirical, mixed methods | n = 31; age range = 25–68 (M = 44.5) | NS | I | NS | Traditional masculinity; masculine gender roles; gender normative behavior; gender role expectations; gender role conflict |
| 19 | Kiselica and Englar-Carlson (2010); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | I | Positive psychology | Traditional masculinity; positive masculinity; gender role conflict |
| 20 | Kivari, Oliffe, Borgen, and Westwood (2018); Canada | Empirical, mixed methods | n = 7; age range = 28–60 (M = 21.57) | Male military veterans | G | NS | Gender role socialization; gender role strain; traditional masculinity |
| 21 | Kosberg (2005); United States | Commentary | – | Older males | I & G | NS | Gender role conflict; masculine gender role socialization |
| 22 | Lawson et al. (2012); States | Commentary | – | Male domestic abuse perpetrators | G | CBT; Psychodynamic | Gender-based power differences; gender privilege; gender role norms; gender role resocialization |
| 23 | Lorber and Hector (2010); States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | Male military veterans | NS | Psychoeducation; MI; emotion coaching; CBT | Traditional masculinity; masculine gender role socialization; gender role conflict |
| 24 | Mahalik et al (2005); States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | I | NS | Traditional masculinity; gender role norms; gender role conflict |
| 25 | Mahalik et al. (2003); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | I | NS | Masculine gender roles; gender role conflict |
| 26 | Mahalik et al. (2012); United States | Empirical, qualitative | n = 475; age range = 29–92 (M = 52.89); 64% male | Psychologists specializing in working with boys and men | NS | NS | Gender role socialization; traditional masculinity; masculine gender roles |
| 27 | McArdle et al (2012); Ireland | Empirical, qualitative | n = 15; age range = 23–35 (M = 29.47) | NS | G | CBT | Gender role socialization |
| 28 | McCarthy and Holliday (2004); United States | Commentary | – | NS | NS | NS | Multicultural; traditional male gender role; gender role conflict |
| 29 | Muldoon and Gary (2011); United States | Commentary | – | Male domestic abuse perpetrators | NS | NS | Stages of change; multicultural |
| 30 | Nahon and Lander (2013); Canada | Commentary | – | NS | G | Integrity model (existential/humanistic) | Multiple masculinities; positive masculinity; gender role re-evaluation |
| 31 | Nahon and Lander (2014); Canada | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | I | Integrity model (existential/humanistic) | Gender role strain; positive masculinity |
| 32 | Primack, Addis, Syzdek, and Miller (2010); United States | Empirical, quantitative | n = 6; age range = 38–65 | Males with depression | G | CBT | Masculine gender role norms; gender role socialization |
| 33 | Rabinowitz and Cochran (2007); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | Males with depression | NS | NS | Gender role norms; traditional masculinity |
| 34 | Reed (2014); United States | Empirical, qualitative | n = 6l; age range = 18–24 | Young males | I | NS | Traditional masculinity; gender role norms |
| 35 | Reigeluth and Addis (2010); United States | Commentary | – | NS | NS | NS | Masculine gender roles; traditional masculinity; gender socialization |
| 36 | Richards and Bedi (2015); United States | Empirical, quantitative | n = 76 men; age range 19–63 (M = 35.6) | NS | I | NS | Traditional masculinity; gender role norms; gender role conflict; multiple masculinities; masculine identity |
| 37 | Robertson and Williams (2010); United States | Commentary | – | Males in high accountability professions (e.g., doctor/lawyer) | I & G | NS | Masculine gender role socialization; traditional masculinity |
| 38 | Schermer (2013); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | G | Narrative therapy | Traditional masculinity; male sex roles |
| 39 | Seidler, Rice, Oliffe, et al. (2017) | Empirical, qualitative | n = 20 men; age range = 23–64 (M = 39) | Males with depression | I | NS | Dominant masculine ideals; multiple masculinities; masculine gender norms |
| 40 | Spandler et al. (2014) | Empirical, qualitative | n = 46 (40 men; 6 facilitator) | NS | G | CBT | Modern masculinity |
| 41 | Spendelow (2015); UK | Review | – | Males with depression | I & G | CBT | Gender role socialization; traditional masculinity; gender role schema theory; gender role conflict; multiple masculinities |
| 42 | Sternbach (2003); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | NS | G | NS | Multiple masculinities |
| 43 | Syzdek et al. (2014); United States | Empirical, quantitative | n = 23; age range = 19–57 (M = 37.65) | Males with internalizing symptoms | I | MI | Traditional masculinity |
| 44 | Westwood and Black (2012); Canada | Commentary | – | NS | I & G | NS | Traditional masculinity; gender socialization |
| 45 | Wong and Rochlen (2005); United States | Commentary | – | NS | NS | NS | Gender role socialization; gender role conflict; traditional masculinity; masculine gender role norms |
| 46 | Zayas and Torres (2009); United States | Commentary (incl. case study) |
– | Latino males | NS | NS | Latino masculine identity; traditional masculinity; gender role socialization |
Note. NS = nonspecified; I = individual; G = group; F = family; C = couples; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; MI = motivational interviewing.