Table 1.
Prognostic value of CD markers’ expression of different blood cells in JAK2V617F positive MPNs.
| Markers | Alternative name | Chro. | Function | Type of diseases | Prognosis | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decreased expression | Increased expression | ||||||
| RBC surface CD markers | |||||||
| CD71 | TFR | 3q29 | Necessary for TF absorption and required for erythropoiesis | - | PV | May be associated with poor prognosis because increases of these markers implicates increases erythroid lineage proliferation | 30 |
| CD235a | GYPA | 4q31.21 | A sialoglycoprotein that bears the antigenic determinants of the MN and Ss blood groups | ||||
| CD239 | BCAM | 19q13.32 | A glycoprotein for lutheran blood group and a receptor for extracellular laminin | - | PV | Associated with poor prognosis via adhesion augmentation of RBCs to the endothelial cells | 31 |
| Megakaryocyte and platelet surface CD markers | |||||||
| CD36 | GPIV | 7q21.11 | It works as a receptor for thrombospondin in platelets | - | ET | May be associated with thrombotic complications via increased platelets adhesion | 58 |
| CD110 | TPO-R | 1p34.2 | Thrombopoietin receptor in megakaryocytes and platelets | PV, ET, PMF | - | Maybe indicates increased thrombopoiesis and subsequently increased risk of thrombotic complications | 35, 37 |
| CD63 | CD63 molecule | 12q13.2 | A cell-surface protein that mediates signal transduction events and may function as a platelet activation marker | - | PV, ET | Associated with poor prognosis via participating in arterial thrombosis and erythromelalgia | 40, 52, 59 |
| CD62P | P-selectin | 1q24.2 | This protein mediates the interaction of activated platelets with leukocytes | - | PV, ET, PMF | Associated with thrombosis and erythromelalgia via mediating leuko-platelets adhesion | 17, 60, 62, 63 |
| CD41 | ITGA2B | 17q21.31 | This receptor plays a crucial role in the platelet aggregation | ET | - | May be associated with bleeding complications | 57, 59 |
| CD42a | GPIX | 3q21.3 | A platelet surface membrane glycoprotein complex that functions as a receptor for VWF | ET, PV | - | Associated with poor prognosis with low platelet aggregation response to ristocetin | 59 |
| CD42b | GPIb | 17p13.2 | Functions as a receptor for VWF | ET, PV | - | Associated with poor prognosis via low platelet aggregation response to epinephrine | 57, 59, 62 |
| CD61 | ITGB3 | 17q21.32 | Participates in cell adhesion as well as platelet aggregation via binding to fibrinogen | ET, PV | - | May be associated with bleeding complications | 51, 55 |
| CD154 | CD40L | Xq26.3 | CD40 Ligand | - | ET | Associated with increased thrombosis via inducing TF expression by endothelial cells | 53 |
| Leukocytes surface CD markers | |||||||
| CD11b | MAC-1 | 16p11.2 | Mediates adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium and platelet surface molecules | - | PV, ET, PMF | Poor prognosis via mediate leuko-platelet aggregation and increases of leuko-endothelial cells adhesion | 60, 61 |
| CD14 | CD14 molecule | 5q31.3 | Expressed on monocytes/macrophages and mediates the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide | - | PV, ET, PMF | Poor prognosis via interfere leuko-platelet aggregation and increases leukocytes adhesion to the endothelial cells | 60-62 |
| CD56 | NCAM-1 | 11q23.2 | Involved in cell-to-cell interactions as well as cell-matrix interactions during development and differentiation | - | PMF | Maybe associated with poor prognosis via enhancement of cell adhesion | 70 |
| Endothelial cells surface CD markers | |||||||
| CD34 | CD34 molecule | 1q32.2 | Hematopoietic stem cell antigen | - | PV, ET, PMF | Associated with increased MVD in BM | 78, 79 |
| CD105 | S- endoglin | 9q34.11 | It works as transforming growth factor beta receptor | - | PMF, PV | Associated with augmentation of angiogenesis and fibrosis in BM | 18 |
| CD106 | VCAM1 | 1p21.2 | A cell surface sialoglycoprotein in activated endothelium cells that mediates leuko-endothelial cells adhesion | - | PV, ET | Associated with platelet activation and leuko-endothelial cells adhesion that leads to arterial thrombosis and erythromelalgia | 52 |
| CD62E | E- selectin | 1q34.2 | Responsible for the accumulation of blood leukocytes and mediating the leuko-endothelial cells adhesion | - | ET | May be associated with increased leuko-endothelial cells adhesion | 74, 82 |
| CD141 | Thrombomodulin | 20p11.21 | This protein binds to thrombin that results in the activation of protein C | - | PV, ET | May act as a poor prognostic factor for thrombosis | 83 |
| CD142 | TF | 1p21.3 | This factor enables cells to initiate the blood coagulation | - | PV, ET | Associated with increases adhesion of platelets to the endothelial cells and subsequent thrombotic events | 74 |
| CD54 | ICAM | 19p13.2 | This glycoprotein binds to some leukocytes integrins including CD11b and CD11a | - | PV, ET | Can be associated with leuko – endothelial cells adhesion | 74 |
| CD9 | MPR-1 | 12p13.31 | Function in many cellular processes including differentiation, adhesion, and signal | - | PMF | Associated with increases BM myelofibrosis and mobilization of CD34+ cells into PB | 80 |
| CD309 | VEGFR | 4q12 | Functions as the main mediator of endothelial cells proliferation, survival, and migration | - | PV, ET, PMF | Associated with increased circulating endothelial cells and angiogenesis that result in thrombotic events | 77 |
| CD146 | MCAM | 11q23.3 | Functions as a cell adhesion molecule | - | ET | Associated with endothelial activation, increases thrombin generation and thrombotic events | 82 |
chro, chromosome; RBC, red blood cell; TFR, transferrin receptor; GYPA, glycophorin A; BCAM, basal cell adhesion molecule; GPIV, glycoprotein IV; TPO-R, thrombopoietin receptor; ITGA2B, integrin subunit alpha 2b; GPIX, glycoprotein IX; VWF, von willebrand factor; GPIb, glycoprotein Ib; ITGB3, integrin subunit beta 3; CD40L, CD40 ligand; TF, tissue factor; MAC-1, macrophage receptor 1; NCAM-1, neural cell adhesion molecule 1; MVD, microvessel density; BM, bone marrow; VCAM1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; MPR-1, motility-related protein-1; PB, peripheral blood; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; MCAM, melanoma cell adhesion molecule; Leuko, leukocyte; PV, polycythemia vera; ET, essential thrombocythemia; PMF, primary myelofibrosis.