Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Apixaban (n = 28) | Dabigatran (n = 34) | Rivaroxaban (n = 36) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average age (years; median [IQR]) | 82.5 (79.5–87.5) | 80 (77–84) | 83 (79–86) | 0.06* |
| Male sex | 27 (96%) | 34 (100%) | 36 (100%) | 0.29$ |
| Caucasian race | 19 (67.9%) | 29 (85.3%) | 27 (75%) | 0.26 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2; median [IQR]) | 28.8 (24.2–30.5) | 28.0 (25.1–33.1) | 27.9 (24.6–29.8) | 0.48* |
| CHADS2 score | ||||
| 1–2 | 9 (32.1%) | 14 (41.2%) | 16 (44.4%) | 0.60 |
| > 3 | 19 (67.9%) | 20 (58.8%) | 20 (55.6%) | |
| HAS-BLED score | ||||
| 1–2 | 12 (42.9%) | 20 (58.8%) | 15 (41.7%) | 0.29 |
| > 3 | 16 (57.1%) | 14 (41.2%) | 21 (58.3%) | |
| Baseline comorbidities | ||||
| Tobacco user | 2 (7.1%) | 3 (8.8%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0.89$ |
| Prior stroke/transient ischemic attack | 6 (21.4%) | 9 (26.5%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0.42 |
| Coronary artery disease/Prior myocardial infarction | 19 (67.9%) | 20 (58.8%) | 28 (77.8%) | 0.23 |
| Heart failure | 10 (35.7%) | 6 (17.7%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.14 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (46.4%) | 17 (50%) | 13 (36.1%) | 0.48 |
| Hypertension | 27 (96.4%) | 31 (91.2%) | 34 (94.4%) | 0.77$ |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7 (25%) | 7 (20.6%) | 8 (22.2%) | 0.91 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 6 (21.4%) | 8 (23.5%) | 12 (33.3%) | 0.50 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (39.3%) | 7 (20.6%) | 12 (33.3%) | 0.26 |
| Gastrointestinal pathology‡ | 6 (21.4%) | 11 (32.4%) | 15 (41.67%) | 0.23 |
| Presence of potentially interacting drugs | ||||
| Aspirin | 17 (60.7%) | 22 (64.7%) | 26 (72.2%) | 0.61 |
| Any antiplatelet agent§ | 17 (60.7%) | 24 (70.6%) | 29 (80.6%) | 0.22 |
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 or P-glycoprotein 1-ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 inhibitor | 15 (53.6%) | 13 (38.2%) | 14 (38.9%) | 0.40 |
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 or P-glycoprotein 1-ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 inducer | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| Other‖ | 3 (10.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.17$ |
*
Calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
$
Calculated using the Fisher’s exact test. All other p values were calculated using the chi-square test.
‡
Presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, or peptic ulcer disease.
§
Any antiplatelet agents: aspirin, aspirin/dipyridamole, cilostazol, clopidogrel, non-acetylsalicylic acid-based nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prasugrel, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, ticagrelor, ticlopidine, or any combination thereof.
‖
Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E.
IQR, interquartile range; N/A, not available.