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. 2018 Oct 23;18:242. doi: 10.1186/s12909-018-1347-3

Table 1.

Student perceptions of teaching orientation in flipped classroomsa

High achievers (n = 26) Low achievers (n = 29) Total (n = 55)
M (SD) t (p) M (SD) t (p) M (SD) t (p)
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
2.95 (.38) 3.64 (.57) 5.69 (<.001) 2.79 (.44) 3.26 (.50) 3.68 (<.001) 2.89 (.42) 3.43 (.56) 6.38 (<.001)

a1 = “teacher-centered,” 5 = “student-centered”