Table 4.

Prevalence of CKD in South Asian countries according to the quality of primary studies

Author [ref.], year	Study quality	Prevalence of CKD	Study site	Required age of study participants	Mean age (± S.D.) of study participants
India:
Anand et al. [17], 2015	High	8.7%	Urban	> 20 years	41.4 ± 12.7 years (Chennai), 44.4 ± 13.9 years (Delhi)
Anupama et al. [18], 2014	High	6.3% (MDRD), 16.69% (CG/BSA)	Rural	≥ 18 years	39.88 ± 15.87 years
Mahapatra et al. [19], 2016	Moderate	27.7%	Urban	> 18 years	Not Mentioned
Singh et al. [20], 2009	High	4.2% (MDRD), 13.3% (CG/BSA)	Urban, Semi Urban, Rural	≥ 20 years	Not Mentioned
Singh et al. [21], 2013	High	17.2% (MDRD), 16.4% (CKD-EPI)	Urban	≥ 18 years	45.22 ± 15.2 years
Trivedi et al. [22], 2016	Moderate	20.93%	Semi Urban	Not Mentioned	48.16 ± 14 years
Varma et al. [23], 2010	Moderate	15% (MDRD), 13.1% (CKD-EPI)	Urban	≥ 18 years	35.64 ± 8.72 years
Varma et al. [24], 2011	Moderate	9.54%	Urban	> 20 years	34.72 ± 7.57 years
Bangladesh:
Anand et al. [25], 2014	High	26%	Urban	> 30 years	49.5 ± 12. 7 years
Fatema et al. [26], 2013	High	12.8%	Urban	18–70 years	37 ± 11 years
Huda et al. [27], 2012	Moderate	13.1% (MDRD), 16% (CG/BSA)	Urban	15–65 years	34.39 ± 12.70 years
Nepal:
Sharma et al. [32], 2013	Moderate	10.6%	Urban	≥ 20 years	Not Mentioned
Pakistan:
Alam et al. [28], 2014	High	16.6%	Urban	≥ 15 years	Not Mentioned
Imran et al. [29], 2015	Moderate	25.6%	Urban	30–80 years	Not Mentioned
Jafar et al. [30], 2005	High	29.9%	Urban	> 40 years	51.4 ± 9.9 years
Jessani et al. [31], 2014	High	12.5%	Urban	≥ 40 years	Not Mentioned