Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Factors | Without 3D (n = 53) | With 3D (n = 64) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 69 (46–83) | 66 (14–84) | 0.310 |
| Sex ratio (Male: Female) | 36: 17 | 37: 27 | 0.112 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 2.15 | 20.8 ± 2.57 | 0.535 |
| ASA score | 2.02 ± 0.67 | 2.12 ± 0.55 | 0.756 |
| History of abdominal surgery | 8 (15%) | 12 (23%) | 0.118 |
| Primary disease | |||
| Pancreatic cancer | 26 (49%) | 32 (50%) | |
| Biliary cancer | 15 (28%) | 17 (27%) | |
| IPMN | 8 (15%) | 10 (16%) | 0.156 |
| Neuroendocrine tumor | 2 (3.8%) | 1 (1.5%) | |
| Others | 2 (3.8%) | 4 (6.3%) | |
| Operating surgeon | |||
| Surgical resident | 22 (42%) | 20 (31%) | 0.741 |
| Senior surgeon | 31 (58%) | 44 (69%) | |
| Portal vein resection | 9 (17%) | 8 (13%) | 0.117 |
| Pancreas texture (Hard: Soft) | 25: 28 | 33: 31 | 0.133 |
| Main pancreatic duct diameter (mm) | 3.51 ± 2.21 | 3.15 ± 1.98 | 0.552 |
Footnote: 3D, three-dimensional; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiology; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.