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. 2018 Nov;24(11):2113–2115. doi: 10.3201/eid2411.180050

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This is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

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Location and impact of mass campaigns in Pakistan during January 2014–October 2017 that have included inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) alongside oral vaccine. A) Gray shading indicates districts in Pakistan that conducted campaigns with IPV during January 2014–October 2017. B) The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for poliomyelitis and the prevalence ratio (PR) for poliovirus detection in environmental samples (sewage) during 90 days after compared with 90 days before mass vaccination campaigns with different vaccines. The mean estimates (diamonds) are shown with 90% bootstrap CIs (error bars). Detailed methods and results are given in the Technical Appendix. bOPV, bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine; IPV, inactivated poliovirus vaccine; tOPV, trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine.