Table 2.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women and their babies by recency of migration and region of origin compared to UK-born women.
| UK-born |
Recency of migration 3 years or fewer |
Recency of migration 4 years or more |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All |
Born in Accession countries |
Born in rest of world |
All |
Born in Accession countries |
Born in rest of world |
|||||||||
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||||||
| Maternal age (years)⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 29.2 (29.0, 29.4) | 28.1 (27.4, 28.9) | 26.5 (25.4, 27.4) | 28.6 (27.7, 29.5) | 31.2 (30.7, 31.6) | 28.6 (27.7, 29.5) | 31.8 (31.3, 32.3) | |||||||
| Missing = 62 | ||||||||||||||
| Primiparous⁎⁎⁎ | 2146 | 52.7 | 117 | 71.8 | 29 | 80.2 | 88 | 69.4 | 290 | 48.1 | 82 | 70.7 | 207 | 42.7 |
| Missing = 114 | ||||||||||||||
| Mother left full-time education aged > 18 years⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||
| Missing = 91 | 1692 | 41.2 | 138 | 81.5 | 33 | 81.5 | 105 | 81.5 | 449 | 74.3 | 99 | 83.7 | 350 | 72.0 |
| Index of multiple deprivation (quintiles)⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 836 | 20.2 | 15 | 8.5 | 2 | 4.8 | 13 | 9.6 | 85 | 13.8 | 14 | 12.2 | 70 | 14.2 |
| 2 | 835 | 20.2 | 17 | 9.8 | 4 | 8.9 | 13 | 10.1 | 80 | 13.0 | 13 | 10.6 | 67 | 13.5 |
| 3 | 895 | 21.6 | 37 | 21.2 | 12 | 29.6 | 25 | 18.7 | 116 | 18.9 | 28 | 23.5 | 88 | 17.8 |
| 4 | 779 | 18.8 | 34 | 19.5 | 8 | 20.6 | 26 | 19.2 | 152 | 24.7 | 36 | 30.5 | 116 | 23.3 |
| 5 (most deprived) | 796 | 19.2 | 71 | 41.0 | 14 | 36.1 | 57 | 42.5 | 183 | 29.7 | 28 | 23.2 | 155 | 31.3 |
| Total | 4140 | 100 | 173 | 100 | 40 | 100 | 133 | 100 | 616 | 100 | 118 | 100 | 497 | 100 |
| Missing = 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||||||
| Booking appointment before 10 weeks⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||
| (Missing = 232) | 2587 | 65.0 | 82 | 50.1 | 20 | 50.2 | 62 | 50.1 | 298 | 51.5 | 60 | 57.2 | 238 | 50.3 |
| Total antenatal checks⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||
| 1–7 | 1335 | 33.5 | 55 | 34.5 | 7 | 18.8 | 48 | 39.1 | 223 | 39.5 | 39 | 35.8 | 184 | 40.4 |
| 8–10 | 1293 | 32.4 | 41 | 25.7 | 10 | 27.0 | 31 | 25.3 | 204 | 36.1 | 46 | 42.2 | 158 | 34.6 |
| 11 or more | 1362 | 34.1 | 63 | 39.8 | 20 | 54.2 | 44 | 35.6 | 138 | 24.4 | 24 | 22.0 | 114 | 25.0 |
| Total (Missing = 243) | 3989 | 100 | 159 | 100 | 36 | 100 | 123 | 100 | 565 | 100 | 108 | 100 | 456 | 100 |
| Long term health problem | ||||||||||||||
| (Missing = 67) | 365 | 8.9 | 8 | 4.7 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6.2 | 61 | 10.1 | 9 | 7.5 | 53 | 10.8 |
| Specific pregnancy-related problems affecting baby⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||
| (Missing = 168) | 1020 | 25.4 | 21 | 12.8 | 4 | 10.7 | 17 | 13.4 | 112 | 18.7 | 20 | 16.7 | 93 | 19.2 |
| Induction of labour (Missing = 332) | 877 | 22.3 | 43 | 24.7 | 9 | 21.3 | 34 | 25.8 | 124 | 20.1 | 26 | 22.0 | 98 | 19.7 |
| Continuous monitoring of labour*(Missing = 66) | 1823 | 44.4 | 79 | 46.0 | 10 | 26.1 | 69 | 52.0 | 257 | 41.8 | 43 | 36.1 | 214 | 43.1 |
| Type of delivery⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||
| Normal vaginal delivery | 2651 | 64.8 | 102 | 61.6 | 32 | 81.0 | 70 | 55.4 | 374 | 62.4 | 66 | 57.4 | 308 | 63.5 |
| Caesarean | 903 | 22.1 | 41 | 24.9 | 2 | 4.8 | 39 | 31.3 | 165 | 27.6 | 28 | 24.2 | 137 | 28.3 |
| Instrumental delivery | 535 | 13.1 | 22 | 13.5 | 6 | 14.1 | 17 | 13.3 | 61 | 10.1 | 21 | 18.3 | 39 | 8.1 |
| Total (Missing = 94) | 4088 | 100 | 166 | 100 | 40 | 100 | 126 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 116 | 100 | 484 | 100 |
| Low birthweight (Missing = 216) | 200 | 5.0 | 5 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4.1 | 30 | 5.1 | 2 | 1.7 | 28 | 6.0 |
| Preterm*(Missing = 60) | 240 | 5.9 | 14 | 8.4 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 10.9 | 33 | 5.5 | 3 | 2.6 | 30 | 6.1 |
| PN length of stay > 1 day⁎⁎(Missing = 414) | 2000 | 52.2 | 97 | 60.3 | 21 | 56.9 | 76 | 61.3 | 333 | 59.3 | 59 | 53.3 | 274 | 60.8 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding first few days⁎⁎⁎(Missing = 76) | 2435 | 59.5 | 126 | 73.6 | 32 | 81.0 | 94 | 71.3 | 405 | 66.5 | 90 | 75.7 | 315 | 64.3 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding at 3 mths⁎⁎⁎(Missing = 53) | 1079 | 26.2 | 80 | 46.6 | 21 | 52.3 | 59 | 44.9 | 257 | 42.1 | 60 | 51.8 | 197 | 39.8 |
| PN saw MW at home > 3 times⁎⁎(Missing = 105) | 1929 | 47.3 | 77 | 46.2 | 22 | 54.6 | 55 | 43.5 | 238 | 39.1 | 39 | 32.8 | 199 | 40.6 |
| Baby aged > 10 days when last saw MW⁎⁎⁎(Missing = 448) | 2290 | 59.9 | 125 | 80.0 | 31 | 82.9 | 93 | 79.0 | 364 | 65.0 | 70 | 68.2 | 293 | 64.2 |
⁎
p < 0.05
⁎⁎
p < 0.01
⁎⁎⁎
p < 0.001 in chi-square test
MW midwife; PN postnatal