Table 3.
Logistic regression showing women's experiences of care, by recency of migration, stratified by region of origin.
| UK | Resident 3 years or fewer |
Resident 4 years or more |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Accession countries | Rest of world | All | Accession countries | Rest of world | |||
| Total N (% of total sample) | 4108 (83.3) | 166 (3.3) | 36 (0.7) | 130 (2.6) | 655 (13.3) | 119 (2.4) | 536 (10.9) | |
| Antenatal care | ||||||||
| MWs spoke so they could be understood | ||||||||
| N (% of group)⁎⁎ | 4105 (97.2) | 157 (94.7) | 37 (91.8) | 120 (95.7) | 576 (94.3) | 108 (92.8) | 468 (94.6) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.51 (0.24, 1.08) | 0.32 (0.09, 1.08) | 0.63 (0.25, 1.60) | 0.47 (0.31, 0.70 | 0.37 (0.16, 0.82) | 0.50 (0.32, 0.78) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.52 (0.25, 1.11) | 0.36 (0.10, 1.25) | 0.62 (0.25, 1.56) | 0.39 (0.26, 0.58) | 0.39 (0.18, 0.87) | 0.39 (0.25, 0.61) | |
| MWs kind & respectful | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 3875 (94.4) | 148 (89.7) | 30 (76.1) | 117 (94.0) | 538 (88.4) | 93 (81.1) | 445 (90.1) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.52 (0.30, 0.89) | 0.19 (0.08, 0.42) | 0.94 (0.45, 1.96) | 0.45 (0.34, 0.61) | 0.26 (0.15, 0.43) | 0.54 (0.39, 0.75) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.51 (0.29, 0.89) | 0.19 (0.08, 0.43) | 0.92 (0.43, 1.94) | 0.42 (0.31, 0.57) | 0.28 (0.17, 0.48) | 0.49 (0.35, 0.68) | |
| Overall, very satisfied with AN care | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 2048 (49.9) | 71 (41.5) | 13 (32.8) | 58 (44.1) | 245 (40.1) | 39 (33.1) | 206 (41.7) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.71 (0.52, 0.98) | 0.49 (0.24, 0.99) | 0.79 (0.55, 1.14) | 0.67 (0.57, 0.80) | 0.50 (0.33, 0.74) | 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.78 (0.56, 1.09) | 0.60 (0.29, 1.25) | 0.84 (0.58, 1.21) | 0.64 (0.54, 0.76) | 0.48 (0.32, 0.73) | 0.69 (0.57.0.83) | |
| Intrapartum care | ||||||||
| Staff communication very good | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎ | 2796 (68.2) | 115 (66.2) | 27 (68.4) | 87 (65.5) | 366 (59.9) | 70 (60.4) | 296 (59.8) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.91 (0.65, 1.27) | 1.01 (0.49, 2.08) | 0.89 (0.61, 1.29) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.83) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.05) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.84) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.97 (0.68, 1.38) | 1.12 (0.52, 2.41) | 0.94 (0.63, 1.39) | 0.68 (0.57, 0.82) | 0.79 (0.54, 1.17) | 0.66 (0.54, 0.80) | |
| Confidence and trust always | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 3103 (76.1) | 128 (74.2) | 32 (80.8) | 96 (72.2) | 393 (64.6) | 68 (58.4) | 326 (66.1) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.90 (0.63, 1.30) | 1.33 (0.57, 3.09) | 0.82 (0.55, 1.22) | 0.57 (0.46, 0.68) | 0.44 (0.30, 0.65) | 0.61 (0.50, 0.75) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.98 (0.67, 1.44) | 1.64 (0.65, 4.15) | 0.86 (0.57, 1.30) | 0.56 (0.46, 0.68) | 0.48 (0.32, 0.70) | 0.58 (0.48, 0.72) | |
| Not left alone and worried at all | ||||||||
| N (%)* | 3103 (76.3) | 125 (73.5) | 28 (70.9) | 97 (74.3) | 422 (70.2) | 76 (66.9) | 346 (71.0) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.86 (0.60, 1.24) | 0.76 (0.37, 1.56) | 0.90 (0.59, 1.36) | 0.73 (0.61, 0.89) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.94) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.94 (0.64, 1.38) | 0.95 (0.43, 2.09) | 0.93 (0.60, 1.44) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.85) | 0.64 (0.42, 0.97) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.89) | |
| MWs spoke so they could be understood | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 3948 (96.5) | 156 (92.2) | 34 (85.8) | 121 (94.2) | 574 (93.7) | 104 (88.3) | 470 (95.0) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.43 (0.23, 0.94) | 0.22 (0.08, 0.57) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.30) | 0.53 (0.37, 0.77) | 0.27 (0.15, 0.50) | 0.68 (0.44, 1.04) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.49 (0.25, 0.94) | 0.30 (0.10, 0.90) | 0.60 (0.27, 1.34) | 0.47 (0.32, 0.68) | 0.28 (0.15, 0.52) | 0.58 (0.37, 0.90) | |
| MWs kind and respectful | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 3824 (93.8) | 147 (87.2) | 29 (73.4) | 118 (91.4) | 539 (88.5) | 100 (86.8) | 438 (88.9) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.45 (0.27, 0.73) | 0.18 (0.08, 0.39) | 0.70 (0.37, 1.34) | 0.51 (0.38, 0.68) | 0.43 (0.24, 0.78) | 0.53 (0.36, 0.72) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.49 (0.29, 0.83) | 0.24 (0.10, 0.55) | 0.69 (0.36, 1.32) | 0.49 (0.37, 0.66) | 0.43 (0.24, 0.76) | 0.51 (0.37, 0.71) | |
| Overall, very satisfied with care during labour and birth | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 2525 (61.6) | 82 (47.7) | 15 (38.8) | 66 (50.4) | 276 (45.3) | 49 (42.0) | 227 (46.0) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.57 (0.41, 0.78) | 0.39 (0.20, 0.78) | 0.63 (0.44, 0.91) | 0.52 (0.43, 0.61) | 0.45 (0.31, 0.66) | 0.53 (0.44, 0.64) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.62 (0.44, 0.86) | 0.46 (0.22, 0.93) | 0.67 (0.46, 0.97) | 0.52 (0.44, 0.62) | 0.48 (0.33, 0.70) | 0.54 (0.44, 0.65) | |
| PN care in hospital | ||||||||
| MWs spoke so they could be understood | ||||||||
| N (%) | 3611 (94.2) | 151 (92.2) | 33 (86.5) | 118 (93.9) | 523 (93.0) | 103 (91.4) | 420 (93.4) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.73 (0.40, 1.32) | 0.40 (0.15, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.46, 1.99) | 0.81 (0.57, 1.16) | 0.65 (0.31, 1.37) | 0.86 (0.59, 1.27) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.74 (0.40, 1.36) | 0.43 (0.15, 1.21) | 0.94 (0.45, 2.00) | 0.70 (0.49, 1.01) | 0.69 (0.33, 1.42) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.05) | |
| MWs kind and respectful | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 3389 (88.9) | 136 (84.1) | 28 (73.6) | 108 (87.4) | 471 (84.2) | 93 (83.2) | 379 (84.4) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.66 (0.43, 1.03) | 0.35 (0.16, 0.76) | 0.86 (0.51, 1.47) | 0.66 (0.52, 0.86) | 0.62 (0.36, 1.06) | 0.68 (0.51, 0.89) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 0.65 (0.41, 1.04) | 0.38 (0.17, 0.89) | 0.80 (0.46, 1.40) | 0.59 (0.45, 0.76) | 0.63 (0.37, 1.06) | 0.58 (0.43, 0.77) | |
| Overall, very satisfied with postnatal care | ||||||||
| N (%) | 1616 (39.3) | 66 (38.7) | 15 (36.6) | 52 (39.3) | 209 (34.3) | 41 (34.9) | 167 (34.1) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.97 (0.70, 1.34) | 0.89 (0.45, 1.78) | 1.00 (0.69, 1.44) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.56, 1.22) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.97) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 1.10 (0.78, 1.55) | 1.05 (0.50, 2.20) | 1.11 (0.76, 1.63) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.96) | 0.86 (0.58, 1.28) | 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) | |
| PN care after hospital discharge | ||||||||
| Would have preferred to have seen a MW at home more often | ||||||||
| N (%)⁎⁎⁎ | 868 (21.3) | 74 (43.7) | 18 (47.6) | 55 (42.6) | 188 (31.4) | 32 (27.2) | 156 (32.4) | |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 2.87 (2.07, 3.97) | 3.35 (1.70, 6.60) | 2.74 (1.90, 3.95) | 1.69 (1.40, 2.03) | 1.38 (0.91, 2.09) | 1.77 (1.44, 2.17) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | 1 | 2.59 (1.84, 3.64) | 3.13 (1.50, 6.52) | 2.45 (1.68, 3.58) | 1.72 (1.42, 2.10) | 1.26 (0.83, 1.92) | 1.87 (1.51, 2.31) | |
1
Adjusted for maternal age, parity and Index of Multiple Deprivation
⁎
p < 0.05
⁎⁎
p < 0.01
⁎⁎⁎
p < 0.001 in chi-square test
MW midwife; PN postnatal.