Table 1. The properties of the 26 insecticides studied, including mode of action (MoA), registration criteria, SSD parameters (ln Mean, ln SD, and data number n), HC5 (with 90% confidence intervals), and HC50 (with 90% confidence intervals).
| Insecticides | MoA*1 | Registration criteria (µg/L) | Arthropods | HC5 (µg/L) | HC50 (µg/L) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ln Mean | ln SD | n | |||||
| Fenobucarb | 1A | 1.9 | 4.04 | 1.81 | 22 | 2.9 (0.81–6.6) | 57 (29–110) |
| Carbosulfan | 1A | 0.1*2 | 0.18 | 0.80 | 8 | 0.32 (0.093–0.56) | 1.2 (0.70–2.0) |
| Benfuracarb | 1A | 0.99 | 1.79 | 1.06 | 5 | 1.1 (0.070–2.5) | 6.0 (2.2–16) |
| Carbofuran | 1A | 0.94*2 | 3.50 | 1.84 | 9 | 1.6 (0.13–5.4) | 33 (11–100) |
| Fenitrothion | 1B | 0.76*2 | 2.98 | 1.63 | 37 | 1.4 (0.59–2.4) | 20 (13–31) |
| Fenthion | 1B | 0.13*2 | 2.49 | 2.06 | 31 | 0.41 (0.13–0.91) | 12 (6.4–23) |
| Phenthoate | 1B | 0.077 | 1.60 | 1.88 | 11 | 0.22 (0.025–0.70) | 4.9 (1.8–14) |
| Diazinon | 1B | 0.077 | 2.98 | 1.66 | 23 | 1.3 (0.41–2.7) | 20 (11–36) |
| Fipronil | 2B | 19 | 1.29 | 2.17 | 21 | 0.10 (0.021–0.28) | 3.6 (1.6–8.2) |
| Ethiprole | 2B | 690 | 5.17 | 2.65 | 5 | 2.3 (0.0026–20) | 180 (14–2200) |
| Etofenprox | 3A | 0.67 | 0.35 | 1.71 | 10 | 0.085 (0.0098–0.25) | 1.4 (0.53–3.8) |
| Silafluofen | 3A | 0.067 | 0.35 | 2.18 | 5 | 0.039 (0.00015–0.24) | 1.4 (0.18–11) |
| Imidacloprid | 4A | 8500 | 3.58 | 2.59 | 16 | 0.51 (0.039–1.7) | 36 (9.5–100) |
| Clothianidin | 4A | 4000*2 | 4.37 | 3.01 | 6 | 0.56 (0.0011–5.7) | 79 (6.6–940) |
| Dinotefuran | 4A | 24000 | 8.00 | 4.06 | 7 | 3.8 (0.0030–71) | 3000 (150–59000) |
| Thiacloprid | 4A | 840 | 7.01 | 3.96 | 8 | 1.6 (0.0037–25) | 1100 (78–16000) |
| Thiamethoxam | 4A | 40000*2 | 7.68 | 3.47 | 7 | 7.1 (0.016–89) | 2200 (170–28000) |
| Nitenpyram | 4A | 9900 | 7.39 | 2.88 | 5 | 14 (0.0090–150) | 1600 (100–25000) |
| Spinosad | 5 | 14.8*2 | 5.49 | 3.52 | 7 | 0.74 (0.0018–10) | 240 (19–3200) |
| Pymetrozine | 9B | 9300 | 12.58 | 0.98 | 5 | 58000 (4700–130000) | 290000 (110000–740000) |
| Cartap | 14 | 1.0*2 | 5.78 | 2.85 | 13 | 3.0 (0.16–15) | 320 (79–1300) |
| Thiocyclam | 14 | 1.9 | 4.98 | 1.93 | 7 | 6.1 (0.21–25) | 150 (35–600) |
| diflubenzuron | 15 | 0.43 | 4.30 | 4.49 | 16 | 0.046 (0.00088–0.47) | 74 (10–530) |
| Bupurofezin | 16 | 80 | 6.39 | 0.72 | 5 | 180 (29–330) | 590 (300–1200) |
| Tebufenozide | 18 | 83 | 7.22 | 1.11 | 8 | 220 (40–470) | 1400 (650–2900) |
| Chlorantraniliprole | 28 | 2.9 | 4.83 | 1.90 | 11 | 5.5 (0.60–17) | 130 (44–350) |
*1 1A, 1B: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; 2B: GABA-gated chloride channel blockers; 3A: Sodium channel modulators; 4A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators; 5: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators; 9B: Modulators of chordotonal organs; 14: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers; 15: Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0; 16: Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1; 18: Ecdysone receptor agonists; and 28: Ryanodine receptor modulators. *2 Registration criteria are not yet developed, therefore calculated values based on the EC50 for D. magna divided by 10 (default uncertainty factor) are shown.