Table 5.
Overview of nephrotoxicity and serum fluoride levels
| MAC hours | Serum fluoride levels (μmol/L) | Blood methoxyflurane (mg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Analgesic dosing of methoxyflurane | |||
|
| |||
| Penthrox 3 mL | 0.3 | 4.7b | 0.006–0.026a |
|
| |||
| Anesthetic dosing of methoxyflurane | |||
|
| |||
| Calculated average | 1.0 | 20 | 10–13 |
| Safe upper limit | 2.0 | 40 | 20–26 |
| Subclinical toxicity | 2.5–3.0 | >50 | 25–33 |
| Clinical toxicity | >5 | >90 | >45 |
Notes: Data from Dayan.54
a
Based on data of 0.6–2.6 mg/100 mL blood.
b
Derived from analysis of mean serum fluoride levels in patients undergoing bone marrow biopsy.