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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychiatr Res. 2016 Oct 8;84:169–173. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.005

Table 2. Differences in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) between affective states in bipolar disorder, N = 31.

Unadjusted analysis Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
eB 95% CI P eB 95% CI P eB 95% CI P eB 95% CI P
HRV
Mania vs. Depression 1.19 1.17–1.20 <0.001 1.20 1.17–1.22 <0.001 1.20 1.18–1.23 <0.001 1.18 1.16–1.20 <0.001
Mania vs. Euthymia 1.17 1.15–1.19 <0.001 1.19 1.16–1.21 <0.001 1.19 1.16–1.21 <0.001 1.19 1.16–1.21 <0.001
Depression vs. Euthymia 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.15 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.12 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.12 0.98 0.96–1.00 0.12

Model 1: Analyses adjusted for age; Model 2: Analyses adjusted for age and gender; Model 3: Analyses adjusted for age, gender and heart rate (bpm). Considering BMI as a covariate did not alter the HRV estimates and was excluded from the final adjusted analyses. eB: Logarithm transformed parameter estimates are expressed as ratios between groups. 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals.