Table 1. Patient characteristics.
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation, compared using ANOVA and posthoc Dunnet’s, or median [range], with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test.
| Controls (n = 37) |
PS (n = 15) |
Syst RV (n = 19) |
PH (n = 21) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 33.2 [21.0–60.2] | 25.5 [18.2–43.3] | 32.7 [28.4–52.9] | 54.3 [19.5–74.0]‡ |
| Male (%) | 22 (59.5%) | 4 (26.7%)* | 13 (68.4%) | 6 (28.6%)* |
| BSA (m2) | 1.89±0.20 | 1.86±0.14 | 1.94±0.14 | 1.89±0.20 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3±2.4 | 24.7±2.4 | 26.4±5.5 | 27.7±6.6† |
|
Medication: - Beta-blocker - ACE-inhibitor - Diuretics (any kind) |
- - - |
- - - |
7 (36.8%) 5 (26.3%) 2 (10.5%) |
1 (4.8%) 3 (14.3%) 15 (71.4%) |
| QRS_dur (ms) | 96 [66–114] | 96 [78–148] | 100 [70–130] | 80 [70–140] |
| RBBB | 0 (0%) | 2 (3%) | 5 (26.3%) | 1 (4.8%) |
| QTc (ms) | 401±22 | 420±32 | 419±33 | 408±42 |
| RVSP (mmHg) | 18.1±3.3 | 56.0±15.7 | 110.8±11.8 | 66.7±16.7 |
|
None/trace TR Mild TR Moderate TR Severe TR |
37 (100%) - - - |
9 (60%) 5 (33%) 1 (7%) - |
3 (16%) 12 (63%) 3 (16%) 1 (5%) |
5 (24%) 9 (43%) 6 (29%) 1 (5%) |
| Performance measurements | ||||
|
NYHA I NYHA II NYHA III |
37 (100%) - - |
15 (100%) - - |
17 (89.5%) 2 (10.5%) - |
1 (4.8%) 16 (76.2%) 4 (19.0%) |
| pVO2/kga | - | 30.1±7.8 | 26.3±6.4 | 16.5±4.9 |
| %pVO2/kga | - | 92.2±16.9 | 80.8±16.9 | 62.4±15.5 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | - | 26.2±5.8 | 27.7±3.9 | 41.5±10.3 |
| % pred VO2/HR | - | 97.6±17.7 | 96.7±27.3 | 72.3±16.9 |
| % pred HR peak | - | 100.3±6.9 | 87.9±11.8 | 89.8±10.5 |
*P<0.05
†p<0.01 and
‡p<0.001.
a missing in 3 PH patients due to chronic oxygen use
Syst = systemic; BSA = Body surface area; BMI = body mass index; pVO2/kg = peak oxygen uptake per kilogram body weight (ml/kg/min); %pVO2/kg = percentage of predicted; VE/VCO2 = minute ventilation relative to carbon dioxide elimination; %pred VO2/HR = oxygen uptake/peak heart rate