Table 2. Univariable analysis of risk factors associated with HTLV-1 infection in the study population.
| HTLV-1 results | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted ORa
(95% CI) |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive (%) | |||||
| Gender | ||||||
| M | 1,123 | 82 (6.80) | 1 | 1 | ||
| F | 758 | 97 (11.35) | 1.75 (1.29-2.39) | 0.0003*** | 1.69 (1.23-2.3) | 0.001*** |
| Age | ||||||
| 15-30 | 404 | 18 (4.27) | 1 | <0.001*** | 1 | <0.001*** |
| 31-40 | 324 | 17 (4.99) | 1,18 (0.60-2.32) | 1.20 (0.61-2.37) | ||
| 41-50 | 312 | 37 (10.60) | 2.66 (1.49-4.76) | 2.76 (1.54-4.95) | ||
| 51-60 | 296 | 26 (8.07) | 1.97 (1.06-3.66) | 1.99 (1.07-3.7) | ||
| 61-70 | 255 | 39 13.27) | 3.43 (1.92-6.13) | 3.34 (1.87-5.97) | ||
| >70 | 290 | 42 (12.65) | 3.25 (1.83-5.76) | 3.11 (1.75-5.53) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| Ethnic group | ||||||
| Bantus | 1,644 | 153 (8.51) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pygmies | 235 | 26 (9.96) | 1.19 (0.77-1.84) | 0.4382 | 1.67 (1.04-2.68) | 0.034* |
| Missing | 2 | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| Province | ||||||
| Nyanga | 171 | 10 (5.52) | 1 | 0.027** | 1 | 0.013** |
| Ngounié | 334 | 31 (8.49) | 1.59 (0.76-3.31) | 1.48 (0.7-3.11) | ||
| Haut-Ogooué | 494 | 52 (9.52) | 1.8 (0.89-3.62) | 2.09 (1.03-4.24) | ||
| Ogooué-Lolo | 228 | 28 10.94) | 2.1 (0.99-4.44) | 2.24 (1.05-4.78) | ||
| Ogooué-Ivindo | 129 | 21 (14.00) | 2.78 (1.27-6.12) | 3.54 (1.59-7.87) | ||
| Woleu-Ntem | 525 | 37 (6.58) | 1.21 (0.59-2.47) | 1.58 (0.76-3.3) | ||
| Missing | 0 | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| Hunting (among men) | ||||||
| No | 273 | 14 (4.88) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 841 | 68 (7.48) | 1.58 (0.87-2.85) | 0.1284 | 1.34 (0.75-2.41) | 0.321 |
| Missing | 9 | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| Hunting NHP (among men) | ||||||
| No | 363 | 22 (5.71) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 689 | 58 (7.76) | 1.39 (0.84-2.31) | 0.20 | 1.21 (0.72-2.01) | 0.472 |
| Missing | 71 | 2 (2.74) | - | - | - | - |
| Keeping NHP as pets | ||||||
| No | 1,712 | 161 (8.60) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 134 | 15 (10.07) | 1.19 (0.68-2.08) | 0.54 | 1.46 (0.82-2.6) | 0.193 |
| Missing | 35 | 3 (7.89) | - | - | - | - |
| Bitten by a NHP | ||||||
| No | 1,824 | 171 (8.57) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 45 | 8 (15.09) | 1.89 (0.87-4.08) | 0.097 | 2.31 (1.05-5.11) | 0.038* |
| Missing | 12 | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| Butchering | ||||||
| No | 264 | 26 (8.97) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1,298 | 124 (8.72) | 0.99 (0.99-1.0) | 0.795 | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.674 |
| Missing | 319 | 29 (8.33) | - | - | - | - |
| Hospitalization | ||||||
| No | 699 | 62 (8.15) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1,175 | 116 (8.99) | 1.11 (0.81-1.54) | 0.5148 | 0.94 (0.68-1.31) | 0.730 |
| Missing | 7 | 1 (12.50) | - | - | - | - |
| Number of hospitalization | ||||||
| 0 | 575 | 41 (6.66) | 1 | 0.005** | 1 | 0.109 |
| 1 | 537 | 43 (7.41) | 1.12 (0.72-1.75) | 1.02 (0.65-1.61) | ||
| 2-5 | 547 | 64 (10.47) | 1.64 (1.09-2.47) | 1.30 (0.86-1.99) | ||
| >5 | 71 | 15 (17.44) | 2.96 (1.56-5.62) | 2.27 (1.18-4.37) | ||
| Missing | 151 | 16 (9.58) | 1.49 (0.81-2.72) | 1.36 (0.74-2.51) | ||
| Transfusion | ||||||
| No | 1,658 | 148 (8.19) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 209 | 30 (12.55) | 1.61 (1.06-2.44) | 0.026* | 1.35 (0.88-2.07) | 0.165 |
| Missing | 14 | 1 (6.67) | - | - | - | - |
| Circumcision (among men) | ||||||
| No | 41 | 3 (6.82) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1,079 | 79 (6.82) | 1.00 (0.30-3.30) | 0.999 | 1.19 (0.35-3.95) | 0.777 |
| Missing | 3 | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| Scarification | ||||||
| No | 682 | 50 (6.83) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1,180 | 126 (9.65) | 1.46 (1.04-2.05) | 0.031* | 1.23 (0.87-1.75) | 0.242 |
| Missing | 19 | 3 (13.64) | - | - | - | - |
| Tattoo | ||||||
| No | 1,553 | 154 (9.02) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 306 | 21 (6.42) | 0.69 (0.43-1.11) | 0.127 | 0.96 (0.59-1.57) | 0.880 |
| Missing | 22 | 4 (15.38) | - | - | - | - |
*p<0,05
**p<0,01
***p<0,001
a Adjusted OR on age and sex