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Proton RBE for clonogenic cell survival as a function of (α/β)x for a photon dose of 2 Gy and LETd values of 2 keV/μm (solid) and 10 keV/μm (dashed) as predicted by an empirical model [27]. The grey area shows the clinically most relevant region as treatment planning considerations are typically based on (α/β)x between 3 and 10 Gy. Abbreviations: LETd, dose-averaged linear energy transfer; RBE, relative biological effectiveness.
