Table S1.
Multiple regression analysis for postoperative pain and length of hospital stay
| Dependent variables | Independent variables | B | SE | β | p-value | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Postoperative VAS (average) | Good-pacing/poor-pacing | 10.196 | 3.144 | 0.347 | 0.002 | 0.239 |
| Preoperative PCS | 0.305 | 0.121 | 0.270 | 0.014 | ||
| Age | 0.322 | 0.147 | 0.237 | 0.032 | ||
| Postoperative VAS (worst) | Good-pacing/poor-pacing | 23.904 | 5.314 | 0.463 | <0.001 | 0.313 |
| Male | 22.438 | 6.704 | 0.345 | 0.001 | ||
| TKA | 11.261 | 5.077 | 0.224 | 0.030 | ||
| Length of postoperative hospital stay | Good-pacing/poor-pacing | 3.017 | 1.064 | 0.310 | 0.006 | 0.424 |
| TKA | 2.587 | 1.037 | 0.272 | 0.015 | ||
Notes: The risk factors for sever postoperative pain and prolonged postoperative hospital stay were explored with multiple regression analysis in overall. The all preoperative and intraoperative variables were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Sex, surgical procedure, and good-pacing/poor-pacing group included a dummy variable for analysis. The results showed the good-pacing/poor-pacing was a significant correlating factor for severe postoperative pain and prolonged postoperative hospital stay.
Abbreviations: B, nonstandard regression coefficient; SE, standard error; β, standardized regression coefficient; R2, multiple correlation coefficient adjusted for the degrees of freedom; VAS, visual analog scale; PCS, pain catastrophizing scale; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale.