Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of new opioid users in MAX (2000-2006) and CDM (2004-2013)
| MAX (N = 3,752,066) |
CDM (N = 4,298,537) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 15 to 19 | 904,185 | 24.1 | 422,796 | 9.8 |
| 20 to 34 | 1,389,628 | 37.0 | 1,161,905 | 27.0 |
| 35 to 49 | 928,393 | 24.7 | 1,509,819 | 35.1 |
| 50 to 64 | 509,941 | 13.6 | 1,083,216 | 25.2 |
| Over 65 | 19,919 | 0.5 | 120,801 | 2.8 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1,039,029 | 27.7 | 1,964,498 | 45.7 |
| Female | 2,713,008 | 72.3 | 2,333,700 | 54.3 |
| Unknown | 29 | 0.0 | 339 | 0.0 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Black/African American | 1,036,256 | 27.6 | n/a | – |
| White | 1,810,815 | 48.3 | n/a | – |
| Hispanic/Latino | 477,973 | 12.7 | n/a | – |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 141,757 | 3.8 | n/a | – |
| American Indian | 44,826 | 1.2 | n/a | – |
| Other/unknown | 240,439 | 6.4 | n/a | – |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 689,409 | 18.4 | 383,799 | 8.9 |
| Midwest | 849,110 | 22.6 | 1,160,360 | 27.0 |
| South | 1,289,613 | 34.4 | 2,085,504 | 48.5 |
| West | 923,934 | 24.6 | 667,098 | 15.5 |
| Baseline hospitalizations | ||||
| 0 | 3,007,229 | 80.1 | 3,844,627 | 89.4 |
| 1 | 604,253 | 16.1 | 421,633 | 9.8 |
| 2 or more | 140,584 | 3.7 | 32,277 | 0.8 |
| Baseline prescriptions | ||||
| 0 | 817,490 | 21.8 | 1,151,378 | 26.8 |
| 1 to 3 | 1,325,455 | 35.3 | 1,840,991 | 42.8 |
| 4 to 6 | 786,773 | 21.0 | 819,451 | 19.1 |
| 7 or more | 822,348 | 21.9 | 486,717 | 11.3 |
| Chronic pain diagnosis | 1,447,047 | 38.6 | 1,905,528 | 44.3 |
| Mental health diagnosis | 656,637 | 17.5 | 468,462 | 10.9 |
| Antidepressant use | 692,644 | 18.5 | 561,144 | 13.1 |
| Antipsychotic use | 241,023 | 6.4 | 32,302 | 0.8 |
| Benzodiazepine use | 272,110 | 7.3 | 283,960 | 6.6 |
| Tobacco use | 114,949 | 3.1 | 179,142 | 4.2 |
| Alcohol abuse | 44,410 | 1.2 | 19,615 | 0.5 |
| Non-opioid substance abuse | 58,290 | 1.6 | 9,083 | 0.2 |
Abbreviations: MAX, Medicaid Analytic eXtract; CDM, Clinformatics™ Data Mart