Table 3.
Bimodal effects and their underlying mechanisms in the tactile and visual thalamo-cortical processing stream.
| VPM | dLGN | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Thalamic effects | Evoked potentials | ↑ P1 amplitude | — |
| Induced oscillations | ↑ delta, beta, gamma | inconsistent | |
| Neuronal firing | ↑ firing variability | — | |
| Phase reset | ↑ delta | — | |
| Thalamo-cortical effects | Spike-LFP coupling | ↑ VPM spikes – S1 delta | — |
| Phase-amplitude CFC | ↑ beta-gamma, VPM – S1 granular | — | |
| Directionality | ↑ beta-gamma, VPM – S1 granular | — | |
| Anatomy | Monosynaptic cross-modal connections | ↑ VPM – V1, PF – VPM | — |
Summary table displaying the effects of bimodal vs. unimodal stimulation, their underlying mechanisms and anatomical substrate. Black arrows indicate the direction of the observed changes after bimodal stimulation when compared to unimodal stimulation.