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. 2018 Oct 24;8:15737. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34018-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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WFA inhibited TGFβ1-dependent activation of Smad2/3 in A549 and H1299 cells (A) Confocal images of A549 NSCLC cells depicting the inhibitory effect of WFA (1.0 µM) on TGFβ1 (5 ng/mL)-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation in A549 cells. (B) Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates depicting the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of WFA on the Smad2/3 signaling pathway (C) Western blot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear fractions from A549 cells showed decreased Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in the presence of WFA. GAPDH was used as the total protein loading control.