FIG 6.

Ingenol derivatives reactivate latent HIV-1 in resting CD4⁺ T cells from aviremic HIV-1-positive participants ex vivo. The eight most efficacious ingenol derivatives based on calculated EC₅₀s from J-Lat 10.6 experiments (Fig. 1 to 3) were evaluated for latency reversal using resting CD4⁺ T cells from aviremic HIV-1-positive participants (participant characteristics in Table S1). After a 48-h exposure (40 nM concentration for all ingenol derivatives), fold increases in cell-associated HIV-1 RNA compared to the medium-alone condition (negative control) were determined by qPCR. Using a nonparametric Mann-Whitney analysis, Ing M, Ing 3-X, and Ing 3-R all demonstrated statistically significant increases in cell-associated viral transcripts compared to medium alone (**, P < 0.005 for Ing M and Ing 3-X; ****, P < 0.0001 for Ing 3-R).