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. 2018 Oct 18;9:1494. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01494

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Copyright © 2018 Cissoko, Hocher, Gherbi, Gully, Carré-Mlouka, Sane, Pignoly, Champion, Ngom, Pujic, Fournier, Gtari, Swanson, Pesce, Tisa, Sy and Svistoonoff.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bioassays used to quantify the activation of ProCgNIN and root hair deformation in C. glauca. (A–D) Representative images showing levels of GFP fluorescence in root hairs of transgenic ProCgNIN:GFP C. glauca plants used for the CgNINA bioassay. Arrowheads indicate root hairs. (A) no signal, level 0; (B) weak signal, level 1; (C) medium signal, level 2; (D) strong signal, level 3. (E–I) representative images showing levels of root hair deformation in C. glauca used in the CgRHDF bioassay. (E) no deformation, level 0a; (F) tip swelling, level 0b; (G) one change in growth direction, level 1; (H) more than one change in growth direction but no bifurcation;, level 2; (I) one or more bifurcations, level 3. Arrowheads indicate deformed root hairs.