Table 1.

Association of SNPs with cancers.

Molecules	Function	SNPs	Consequence	Refs
VDR	receptor for 1,25(OH)2D	rs731236	↑ prostate cancer in Asians	[23]
		rs1544410	↑ colorectal cancer	[24]
		rs2228570	↑ prostate cancer	[25]
			↑ ovarian cancer in Caucasian	[26]
			↑ hepatocellular carcinoma	[27]
		rs757343	↑ breast cancer in Pakistani	[28]
		rs2238135	↑ breast cancer	[29]
		rs11168287
		rs2238136
		rs4237855
GC/DBP	bind and transport 25(OH)D	rs2282679	↓ colorectal cancer patient survival	[36]
		rs7041	↓ non-small cell lung cancer	[38]
		rs4588	↓ survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with chemo/bevacizumab	[39]
			↑ survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with chemo/cetuximab	[39]
CYP2R1	hydroxylate vitamin D to 25(OH)D	rs12794714	↓ 25(OH)D levels ↑ ovarian cancer in European-ancestry	[40]
			↑ colorectal cancer in African American	[41]
CYP27B1	Convert 25(OH)D to active 1,25(OH)2D	rs28934604	↓ enzyme activity ↓ 1,25(OH)2D levels in colon cancer cells	[42]
		rs58915677
		rs13377933
		rs2229103
		rs3782130	↑ non-small cell lung cancer	[38]
CYP24A1	catabolize active 1,25(OH)2D to inactive metabolites	rs35051736	↓ enzyme activity ↑ 1,25(OH)2D levels in colon cancer cells	[42]
		rsl6999131
		rs6022990
		rs6068812
		rs2585428	↓ pancreatic cancer in Caucasian	[43]
		rs4809960	↓ breast cancer in Caucasian	[43]
		rs6068816	↓ non-small cell lung carcinoma	[38]
VDRE	vitamin D response element	rs9393682	↑ prostate cancer	[45]
		rs1378033

↑ = increases and ↓, = decreases consequence (i.e. cancer risk or progression).