Modulation of DNA unzipping using overhangs with different base numbers. (a) Current profiles of Level-1 events for C5, C8, C12, C20 and C30 at +100 mV; (b) fractions of Level-1 versus Level-2 event numbers as a function of the overhang base number (n). Data at +100 mV, +150 mV and +180 mV are provided. Level-1 events always occur much more frequently than Level-2 events, confirming the preference for trapping the overhang over the blunt end into the nanopore; (c) block duration (τoff) as a function of the overhang base number (n) at +100 mV, +150 mV and +180 mV. Histograms for duration distributions are shown in Fig. S7.† The τoff–n curves at +150 mV and +180 mV demonstrate a decaying phase followed by a constant phase with a transition at n = 8 (C8), inferring the overhang length-dependent electric driving force and the nanopore field distribution. The increase of τoff with n for short overhangs at +100 mV infers the occurrence of escaping.