Table 3.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in infancy and children’s developmental delay.
| Child Development |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure: BDNF levels |
Any fail | Fine motor | Gross motor | Communication | Personal-social | Problem solving |
| OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
|
| Primary cohort (n=2637) | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.73 (0.47, 1.14) 4.40 (0.30) 5347.32 |
0.54 (0.29, 1.00)* 6.20 (0.58) 2287.48 |
0.58 (0.27, 1.26) 8.13 (0.93) 2020.1 |
0.71 (0.38, 1.31) 6.84 (0.58) 2763.6 |
0.76 (0.39, 1.48) 6.35 (0.52) 2494.27 |
0.66 (0.34, 1.31) 7.91 (0.90) 2119.05 |
| Adjusted | 0.83 (0.53, 1.30) 4.08 (0.29) 5281.44 |
0.65 (0.34, 1.22) 5.39 (0.52) 2300.29 |
0.61 (0.28, 1.33) 7.87 (0.90) 2024.44 |
0.89 (0.48, 1.63) 6.66 (0.59) 2750.65 |
0.91 (0.48, 1.75) 5.91 (0.52) 2495.81 |
0.87 (0.44, 1.70) 7.16 (0.83) 2172.47 |
| Term infants (n=2186) | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.99 (0.61, 1.59) 4.97 (0.35) 4625.42 |
0.57 (0.29, 1.13) 7.92 (0.98) 1889.86 |
0.90 (0.45, 1.78) 12.50 (2.51) 1653.51 |
1.03 (0.53, 2.00) 9.06 (1.10) 2312.58 |
1.18 (0.64, 2.17) 7.64 (0.78) 2146.78 |
0.87 (0.45, 1.69) 11.88 (2.17) 1710.93 |
| Adjusted | 0.98 (0.60, 1.59) 4.72 (0.35) 4593.30 |
0.69 (0.34, 1.40) 6.62 (0.74) 1916.84 |
0.84 (0.39, 1.77) 11.37 (2.13) 1680.32 |
1.26 (0.62, 2.57) 8.70 (0.99) 2323.55 |
1.35 (0.70, 2.59) 6.77 (0.67) 2164.52 |
0.99 (0.48, 2.03) 10.26 (1.69) 1782.53 |
| Preterm infants (n=451) | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.25 (0.09, 0.70)* 3.67 (0.65) 1612.23 |
0.71 (0.15, 3.43) 4.73 (0.74) 869.65 |
0.21 (0.03, 1.33) 6.65 (1.33) 736.24 |
0.26 (0.08, 0.86)* 4.48 (0.93) 958.37 |
0.21 (0.04, 1.13) 5.24 (0.99) 750.3 |
0.39 (0.09, 1.81) 4.98 (0.97) 852.87 |
| Adjusted | 0.29 (0.10, 0.85)* 3.10 (0.59) 1652.51 |
0.72 (0.15, 3.40) 3.62 (0.69) 915.63 |
0.23 (0.03, 1.52) 5.32 (1.22) 791.01 |
0.26 (0.07, 0.92)* 4.18 (0.82) 1006.62 |
0.22 (0.03, 1.55) 4.40 (1.16) 787.37 |
0.43 (0.07, 2.59) 4.61 (0.94) 918.76 |
BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SE: Standard Error
Primary cohort: singletons and one randomly selected twin of each pair
Developmental delay was assessed up to age three years using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires.
BDNF had a skewed distribution and therefore was log-transformed.
Models were adjusted for child gender, preterm birth (in not-stratified models), plurality, parity, infertility treatment, maternal age, race, education, history of smoking and drinking, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and having private insurance.
*
denotes P values <0.05