Table A.3.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in infancy and children’s developmental delay in twins and singletons
| Child Development |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure: BDNF levels |
Any fail | Fine motor | Gross motor | Communication | Personal-social | Problem solving |
| OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
OR (95%CI) Random intercept variability (SE) BIC |
|
| Singletons (n=2095) | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.79 (0.47, 1.32) 5.34 (0.36) 5041.46 |
0.49 (0.24, 1.00)* 8.45 (1.09) 2129.39 |
0.66 (0.32, 1.39) 17.10 (4.44) 1808.42 |
0.74 (0.36, 1.51) 9.58 (1.21) 2554.60 |
0.82 (0.39, 1.70) 9.50 (1.28) 2302.58 |
0.67 (0.33, 1.37) 12.66 (2.83) 1965.28 |
| Adjusted | 0.85 (0.51, 1.42) 4.94 (0.36) 4998.53 |
0.58 (0.28, 1.20) 7.02 (0.76) 2155.09 |
0.60 (0.25, 1.43) 12.74 (2.53) 1838.23 |
0.94 (0.45, 1.99) 9.60 (1.19) 2560.35 |
0.97 (0.45, 2.10) 7.97 (0.84) 2325.34 |
0.80 (0.37, 1.71) 9.66 (1.43) 2024.62 |
| Twins (n=542) | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.43 (0.19, 0.98)* 3.44 (0.58) 1493.24 |
1.01 (0.29, 3.57) 4.51 (0.92) 738.22 |
0.64 (0.16, 2.52) 6.94 (1.22) 813.30 |
0.55 (0.22, 1.38) 3.48 (0.70) 926.39 |
0.70 (0.26, 1.89) 2.58 (0.58) 901.82 |
0.94 (0.27, 3.29) 4.11 (1.11) 694.32 |
| Adjusted | 0.49 (0.21, 1.17) 3.21 (0.57) 1502.87 |
1.28 (0.32, 5.1) 3.56 (0.85) 760.51 |
0.81 (0.19, 3.49) 6.77 (1.22) 855.86 |
0.82 (0.32, 2.06) 2.99 (0.75) 930.35 |
0.85 (0.32, 2.28) 2.14 (0.57) 905.13 |
1.40 (0.40, 4.93) 3.31 (0.94) 742.87 |
BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; SE: Standard Error
Primary cohort: singletons and one randomly selected twin of each pair
Developmental delay was assessed up to age 3 years using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires.
BDNF had a skewed distribution and therefore was log-transformed.
Models were adjusted for child gender, preterm birth, parity, infertility treatment, maternal age, race, education, history of smoking and drinking, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and having private insurance.
*
denotes P values <0.05