Table 2.
Association of Change in Hemoglobin Status With Cardiovascular Outcome and Mortality Among Young Women
| Change in Hb (g/dL) | Events (n) | Follow‐Up Duration (Person‐Years) | HR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk of AMI | ||||
| Hb <12.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 39 | 584 986 | 1 | Reference |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 38 | 678 635 | 0.92 | 0.59 to 1.44 |
| ≥14.0 | 4 | 52 249 | 1.16 | 0.41 to 3.27 |
| Hb 12.0 to 13.9 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 50 | 737 294 | 1.32 | 0.97 to 1.79 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 208 | 4 251 360 | 1 | Reference |
| ≥14.0 | 47 | 638 139 | 1.49 | 1.08 to 2.04 |
| Hb ≥14.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 5 | 62 523 | 1.36 | 0.51 to 3.62 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 42 | 702 212 | 1.06 | 0.62 to 1.80 |
| ≥14.0 | 21 | 349 470 | 1 | Reference |
| Risk of stroke | ||||
| Hb <12.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 206 | 584 243 | 1 | Reference |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 223 | 677 811 | 1.06 | 0.87 to 1.28 |
| ≥14.0 | 26 | 52 148 | 1.45 | 0.96 to 2.18 |
| Hb 12.0 to 13.9 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 238 | 736 582 | 1.07 | 0.93 to 1.23 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 1232 | 4 247 534 | 1 | Reference |
| ≥14.0 | 226 | 637 392 | 1.1 | 1.02 to 1.35 |
| Hb ≥14.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 26 | 62 423 | 0.95 | 0.63 to 1.45 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 235 | 701 428 | 0.8 | 0.60 to 0.97 |
| ≥14.0 | 160 | 348 929 | 1 | Reference |
| Risk of CeVD | ||||
| Hb <12.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 454 | 583 316 | 1 | Reference |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 474 | 676 815 | 1.02 | 0.89 to 1.16 |
| ≥14.0 | 51 | 52 059 | 1.3 | 0.97 to 1.74 |
| Hb 12.0 to 13.9 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 524 | 735 560 | 1.04 | 0.95 to 1.14 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 2759 | 4 242 089 | 1 | Reference |
| ≥14.0 | 427 | 636 618 | 1.01 | 0.92 to 1.12 |
| Hb ≥14.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 47 | 62 330 | 0.95 | 0.70 to 1.30 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 463 | 700 501 | 0.87 | 0.75 to 1.02 |
| ≥14.0 | 279 | 348 432 | 1 | Reference |
| All‐cause mortality | ||||
| Hb <12.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 355 | 585 220 | 1 | Reference |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 312 | 678 798 | 0.81 | 0.69 to 0.94 |
| ≥14.0 | 21 | 52 265 | 0.65 | 0.42 to 1.01 |
| Hb 12.0 to 13.9 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 394 | 737 588 | 1.13 | 1.01 to 1.26 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 1929 | 4 252 615 | 1 | Reference |
| ≥14.0 | 296 | 638 359 | 1.02 | 0.90 to 1.15 |
| Hb ≥14.0 at first examination | ||||
| <12.0 | 34 | 62 557 | 0.96 | 0.67 to 1.39 |
| 12.0 to 13.9 | 341 | 702 433 | 0.9 | 0.76 to 1.08 |
| ≥14.0 | 197 | 349 600 | 1 | Reference |
Hazard ratio calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol habit, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.
AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; CeVD, cerebrovascular disease; CI, confidence interval; Hb, hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio.